Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Is College a Worthy Investment?

Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all seem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it’s time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious (大不敬的): Is all this investment in college education really worth it?

The answer, I fear, is no. For an increasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.

For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they’re not the only ones… and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.

The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today’s students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?

Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, “I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.” Aid has increased, subsidized (补贴) loans have become available, and “the universities have gotten the money.” Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about education, agrees, “It’s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.”

Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an “investment in yourself.” But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won’t even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad’s. For many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.

It’s true about the money ---- sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium (高出的部分) for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But that’s not true of every student. It’s very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.

James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. “Even with these high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated,” he says. On the other hand, “if you’re not college ready, then the answer is no, it’s not worth it” experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition rise can push those returns into negative territory.

Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education ---- and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t really require college skills. “Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement,” says Vedder. “In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender.”

We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their incomes and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn’t control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. “You’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth,” says Heckman. “You may think that’s a good thing, or you may not.” Either way it will be expensive for the government.

What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills ---- probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: “People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That’s what we’ve learned, and public policy should recognize that.”

Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style (学徒式) programs, where kids can learn in the workplace ---- learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of “soft skills,” like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. “It’s about having mentors (指导者) and having workplace-based education,” he says. “Time and again I’ve seen examples of this kind of program working.”

But how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. “Historically markets have been able to handle these things,” says Vedder, “and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn’t improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, ‘Why am I going to college?’”

46. Caplan puts forwards that it is more beneficial for some children to go to work than to go to school.

47. More and more families increase the expenses on houses in a good school district.

48. According to one economist, it is a huge waste of money to subsidize loans to college students.

49. A college diploma may not guarantee a better life.

50. For students who are not prepared for college, the returns on education can be pushed into negative side.

51. The cost of a college education has increased almost twice as much as the rise of price of goods and services.

52. Graduates can reduce the subsidized loan by choosing lower-paid jobs.

53. Middle-class Americans lay more emphasis on a good education.

54. More kids can learn not only job skills but also social skills in the workplace.

55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates are unable to find jobs or jobs related to their major.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Every dream is a message from your unconscious self, expressed in code which only you can understand and interpret. The images, colours, moods and terms of your dreams depend upon your own culture, upbringing, slang and your own understanding of things and values. Dreaming is like looking into a mirror and seeing yourself with your own eyes.

The first dreams which we have after falling asleep often revolve around the day’s events. We go through them, sorting out and discarding things we don’t need to remember and gaining insight into those that we do. Often we are inspired with suggestions that we can use to remedy the situations that plague us by day. As we progress through the night’s dreams, they may take up more fantastic qualities, offering fanciful experiences. These often pleasant images can relieve the stress of the day. But the dream we have just before the awakening often contains the information the subconscious mind wants to make known to the conscious. And this information, if remembered, interpreted, and understood, can serve as an important tool in our lives.

Depending upon the content, dreams can strike us with their peculiarity, or sometimes even their alarming nature. Some dreams haunt us for years, not only because of their persistence, but also primarily because we cannot explain or understand them. Other dreams stand out with the weird mixture of images, emotions and context, which make us remember them for life. Recurring dreams are quite common, and we usually have them when a certain life situation repeats, or we are facing the same problem over and over again. A recurring dream is often a sign of some emotional weakness in our nature, which causes us problems over the years.

Lucid dreams are rare, but they are all about people’s ability to control their dreams. In such a dream, the dreamer becomes consciously aware that she or he is dreaming and is able to use the memory and participate in dream actions and emotions. Lucid dreams are usually enhanced in a sensory and imaginary way, and sometimes can be accompanied by pleasant music. People can learn the techniques of controlling their dreams. Some historic manuscripts and records say that the ability to control dreams helps a person to reach a higher degree of mind development.

56. Why is it only the dreamer himself who can understand his dreams?

A) Dreams are related to the dreamer’s personal conditions.

B) Dreams are expressed in a code only the dreamer can sense.

C)    Dreams are always something related to the dreamer’s upbringing.

D) Dreams are always based on the dreamer’s deep feelings.

57. According to the second paragraph, dreams _________ .

A) are always about the day’s events, sorted out by the dreamer one by one.

B) are primarily meant to relieve the stress of the day.

C) move from different periods, each with different functions.

D) are important at the period just before you wake up.

58. What triggered recurring dreams?

A) Our fanciful experiences.

B) A certain life situation that causes us stress.

C) A repetition of an event, a problem or emotional weakness.

D) Our fantastic qualities.

59. The word “lucid” (Line 1, para 4) probably means ________.

A) highly conscious              B) imaginative

C) easy to forget                 D) clearly claimed

It can be drawn a conclusion from the passage that dreams offer us

the potential to_________.

A) predict the future

B) improve our originality

C) improve our consciousness

D) understand ourselves

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Sharing online, as social media enthusiasts are learning, can have all sorts of unintended consequences offline.

Now Facebook is helping you get a better grip on what you share. On Tuesday the company revealed changes to its privacy settings that are designed to more clearly show who knows what about your life on the Internet. The changes will take effect Thursday.

What is now called “everyone” in those settings will instead be called “public”. Facebook executives say they want to eliminate any doubts about what the setting means. If you click “public,” that means anyone who is online can see it, including perfect strangers — or, worse, parents, prospective employers and your ex-wife’s divorce lawyers.

Similar settings will now appear next to other material you have posted, like your work history or photo albums, so you will no longer need to click to pages full of privacy options to change them.

No doubt the company also wants to diminish the possibility of legislation, investigation from complicated or confusing privacy settings. And with mounting competition from other social networking sites, namely Google, which emphasizes more compartmentalized (区分的) communications to different sets of friends and acquaintances, Facebook is also been to keep its customers’ trust.

“Your profile should feel like your home on the Web,” the company said in a blog post. ”You should never feel like stuff appears there that you don’t want, and you shouldn’t ever wonder who can see anything that shows up there.”

That includes labeled pictures. The site will now let you approve every picture in which you are labeled before it appears on your profile page. No longer will a plain or compromising photograph of you show up there without your consent, though the publisher of the photograph can still post it on his or her own page.

The changes point to some of the company’s growing pains, in which mass appeal can sometimes be a bit of a liability. Facebook is used today by 750 million people all over the world, with varying degrees of knowledge about what it means to have a life online. Company officials say they hope the latest changes will remove the mystery of privacy settings and ensure that Facebook users are never “surprised” by what others can see about them.

61. Since Facebook made some changes to its privacy settings, it targets to_______.

A) assist you to know more about others’ life

B) let you know more about your own life

C) help others understand your life better

D) show you what other people know about your life

62. According to the passage, what do you know about Facebook?

A) It will get more market share than Google after the changes.

B) It didn’t win the customers’ trust before the changes.

C) It is facing up with a growing competition from Google.

D) It protects the users’ privacy better than Google.

63. The company says “Your profile should feel like your home” (Line 1, Para. 6), it indicates        .

A) you can do anything to your profile

B) you feel very comfortable on the web

C) your profile on the web is as safe as at your home

D) your profile only belongs to you

64. The labeled pictures in your profile page        .

A) could be seen only by those people you show

B) can be changed by the publishers of the photograph

C) can’t be the plain or compromising photographs

D) are the ones that you admit to display to others

65. What can we infer about the officials in Facebook?

A) They are never surprised when others see their pictures on the web.

B) They expect privacy settings may get more open to the public.

C) They suffer much2e546c07bf3f687de18d4f2dd044b23a from their company’s changes.

D) They are all better educated.

Part IV           Translation

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

多年来，中国一直是全球最大的国际学生输出国（exporter）。据官方统计，过去几年里，中国留学生数量以每年超过20%的速度在增长。有数据显示，在2012年，全球的国际学生中每六个就有一个来自中国。但是，随着中国人口结构（demographics）发生变化，国内选择日趋丰富，加上对国外人身安全的担忧上升，预计中国海外留学生的增长势头将陷入停滞（stall）。

_________________________________________________________

大学英语四级考试模拟试题二精析

Part I                Writing

题目分析: 本题属于提纲式图表命题作文。提纲第一点要求描述图表所反映的现象变化，第二点要求说明产生这种变化的原因，第三点要求谈谈“我”对该变化的看法，由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文，写作的重点是对图表的描述和对现象原因的分析。根据提纲，文章内容可安排如下：第一段根据图表简要描述图表中反映的近几年来X省报考研究生人数的变化情况；第二段说明导致报考研究生人数变化的原因；第三段阐述“我”对这种现象的看法。

范文

The Rush for Postgraduate Study

[1]According to the table, we find clearly that nowadays there was a sharp increase in the number of postgraduate candidates in x Province from 2002 to 2007. [2]As early as in 2002, there were only 1,800 candidates participating in the exam. [3]Then 5 years later, the candidates increased greatly to a total number of 29,200.

[4]The following reasons can account for the increase of postgraduate candidates. [5]In the first place, the tough competition in the job market is the key point. The enrollment expansion of universities places a great pressure on the job market, which makes many college graduates turn to further education. [6]In the second place, many students with equivalent education background to college graduates are allowed to apply for postgraduate study due to the change of government policy. [7]Finally, the society has a great demand for the postgraduates with the economic development of China.

[8PCFkIdGJ5MkUKvS/JBW/R6O2x3oo9gwGbN9DIhipMFA=]As far as I am concerned, college students should think twice before they decide to take their postgraduate education. [9]To begin with, postgraduate study does not necessarily ensure students a bright future. [10]Moreover, it’s a tough process to prepare for the entrance examination and not everyone can stick it out. [11]To sum up, college students should not rush for postgraduate study blindly.

点评与注解

[1]概括图表所反映的总体现象

[2][3]分不同时间段描述了图表中能体现现象变化的数据

[4]过渡句，引出产生这种变化的原因

[5]原因一，就业难

enrollment“登记，入学”

[6]原因二，相关政策的支持

equivalent“相等的”

apply for“申请”

[7]原因三，社会发展的需求

[8]“我”的看法：学生对考研这件事要三思而行

[9]“我”持此态度的原因一

[10]原因二

[11]总结全文，重申观点，提出建议

Part II          Listening Comprehension

Section A

【听力原文】

W: I haven’t got enough cash for this suit and the discount will end tomorrow.

M: That’s all right. The credit card always does in such case.

Q: What will the woman most probably do next?

W: I have received your school report for this term and you failed in the subject of The Introduction to Economics.

M: You know, this class is too dull. The professor puts us all to sleep with his lectures.

Q: What does the man mean?

3. M: Ruth, don’t move and stand right there. The background is very pretty and this will be a good shot.

W: Hold it a second. I want to fix my hair a bit.

Q: What are the two speakers doing?

4. W: Frankly speaking, it never strikes me that you are 40 years old.

M: Oh, really? A lot of people who meet me, including some friends of mine, think I’m just in my 30s.

Q: What do we learn about the man?

5. M: There is nothing I like more than rock and roll music when I listen to the tape. It is really exciting.

W: Actually I don’t listen to popular music. I prefer classical music.

Q: What does the woman mean?

6. W: It is said that you have made a new pretty girlfriend. And we’re having a party tonight. Why not join us together with your girlfriend?

M: Well…I’m breaking up with Cathy.

Q: What does the man mean?

7. W: I’m so glad that Mr. Brown finally got us five million dollars to save the business.

M: I don’t know how in the world he did it, but I sure take my hat off to him.

Q: What’s the man’s attitude toward Mr. Brown?

8. W: Robert, you said you’d buy a new suit. Have you saved enough money for it?

M: Well, to tell you the truth, my finances are really tight right now.

Q: What does Robert mean?

Now you will hear the two long conversations.

Conversation One

W: [9] I enjoy going through second-hand bookstores, don’t you? [9] It’s interesting to see what people used to enjoy reading. Did you see this old book of children’s stories?

M: Some of these books aren’t so old though. See? [10] This Mystery was published only six years ago. It cost 75 cents. You can’t beat that.

W: Hey, look at this.

M: What! Are you getting interested in the 19th century poetry all of a sudden?

M: No. Look here. Someone gave this book as a present and wrote a note on the inside of the front cover. It’s dated 1893. Maybe it’s worth something.

M: Everything on that shelf is worth 50 cents.

W: [11] But if this is the signature of someone who is well known, it might bring a lot more. I hear Shakespeare’s signature is worth about a million dollars.

M: Oh? I can hardly read what that one says. Who wrote it?

W: The name looks like “Harold Dobson”. Maybe “Dobbins”? Wasn’t he a politician or something? [12] I’m going to buy this book and see if I can find a name like that in the library.

M: Good luck. [10] Your poetry book may make you rich, but I’ll bet my 75-cent Mystery is a good buy.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. Where is the conversation taking place?

10. What kind of book did the man find?

11. Why does the woman mention Shakespeare?

12. What does the woman intend to do later on?

Conversation Two

W: I haven’t seen you here for a couple of weeks. Have you stopped eating or something?

M: No. Does it look as if I’ve stopped eating? I’ve been spending a lot of time in the library.

W: Working on a paper?

M: I wish I were working on a paper. [13] I was working on three different papers: anthropology, English literature, and history.

W: Wow. That is a lot of work.

M: Yeah. And what’s frustrating is that I’m studying 19th-century British Empire in all three classes. But I can’t write a single paper for all the three.

W: Why not?

M: The professor won’t let me, even if I make it three times as long as the suggested length.

W: Oh. That’s too bad. [14] Could you write your paper on three aspects of one topic?

M: Mm. What do you mean? Do you have something in mind?

W: Well, let’s see. Maybe you could do something with Romanticism, like---write your anthropology paper on the cultural basis of Romanticism, and your history paper on the influence of the Romantic poets on the British foreign policy, and OK… and your English paper on analysis of some Romantic poems.

M: Hey, that’s not a bad idea. I’ve already started the research for one of my papers. So I can use that. Oh, it’s so nice! What can I do to repay you?

W: [15] You want to wrap up my chemistry lab for me?

M: [15] I’d love to, but I’ve never taken chemistry. So I’m not sure if you will like the results.

W: Oh, well, not necessary then. Have a good weekend. And try to get out of the library and get some sleep. You look tired. You have big circles under your eyes.

M: OK. I’ll try. See you later.

W: See you.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

13. What has the man been busy doing all week?

14. What does the woman suggest the man do to make his work easier?

15. Why doesn’t the woman want any help from the man?

【答案解析】

1.【解析】C)。细节题。选项表明听音重点是付款方式。从对话划线处得知，女士很可能用刷信用卡(the credit card)的方式购买外套，故答案为C）。

2.【解析】D)。细节题。选项表明的都是负面方面的影响，听音重点是男士的话。从对话划线处得知，教授的讲座很枯燥，让我们都睡着了，即讲座很差劲，故答案为D）。put sb. to sleep 意思是“使某人入睡”。

3.【解析】A)。细节题。选项都是现在分词开头，表明与行为动作有关。从对话划线处得知，男士在给女士拍照(taking a photo)，故答案为A）。

4.【解析】A)。细节题。选项表明对话可能与某人的年龄有关。从对话划线处得知，男士的长相要比自己的实际年龄显得年轻，故答案为A）。

5.【解析】D)。推理题。根据意思相反的两个选项中有一个可能是答案的命题规律，将答案锁定在A)和D)之间。从对话划线处得知女士不喜欢听属于流行音乐(popular music)的摇滚乐(rock and roll music),故答案为D）。

6.【解析】C)。细节题。本题选项都是有关某个男士的完整句子，听音重点是与他有关的事实情况。从对话划线处得知，男士与他新交的女朋友分手了(breaking up with Cathy)，故答案为C）。

7.【解析】C)。本题选项是四个形容词，表明对话与情感态度有关。从对话划线处得知，男士对布朗先生表示尊敬，故答案为C）。take one\'s hat off to sb.意思是“向某人表示敬佩”。

8.【解析】D)。细节题。选项都与男士购买西装有关，听音重点是男士的对话。从对话划线处得知，男士现在没有足够的钱(tight finances)买西装，故答案为D）。

9.【解析】C)。场景题。本题听音考查对话中事件发生的地点。从对话划线处得知，他们在书店买书，故答案为C）。

10.【解析】B)。细节题。本题选项都是名词，可能考查书的类型。对话问的是男士发现了哪种书，根据对话内容得知他要买Mystery这本书，故答案为B）。

11.【解析】D)。细节题。本题考查原因。根据对话内容得知，女士提到莎士比亚是为了说明名人在旧书上的签名很值钱，故答案为D）。

12.【解析】A)。细节题。本题考查某人接下来的行为动作，根据对话内容得知女士想买poetry这本书，希望书上的签名能使她发点小财，所以她要对书上的签名做一番调查，故答案为A）。

13.【解析】B)。细节题。本题考查男士正在进行的活动，根据对话内容得知男士正在写三篇不同的论文（working on three different papers），故答案为B）。

14.【解析】A)。建议题。本题考查女士给男士的建议，根据对话内容得知女士的建议是同一话题的三个方面（write your paper on three aspects of one topic），故答案为A）。

15.【解析】D)。细节题。本题考查不能帮忙的原因，根据对话内容得知男士从未学过化学，所以不能帮助女士，故答案为D）。

Section B

Passage 1【听力原文】

Runners in a relay race pass a stick in one direction. However, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass along the Silk Road in more than one direction. They earned their living by traveling the famous Silk Road.

The Silk Road was not a simple trading network. It passed through thousands of cities and towns. It started from eastern China, across Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in the Mediterranean Sea. [17]It was used from about 200 B.C. to about A.D.1300, when sea travel offered new routes. It was sometimes called the world’s longest highway. [16]However, the Silk Road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path. They passed through what are now 18 countries. The routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even battles. Only experienced traders could return safe.

The Silk Road got its name from its most prized product. Silk could be used like money to pay taxes or buy goods. But the traders carried more than just silk. Gold, silver, and glass from Europe were much found in the Middle East and Asia. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods. Chinese merchants traded paper, which produced an immediate effect on the West. Apples traveled from central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to graft (to join a part of a plant or tree onto another plant or tree) different trees together to make new kinds of fruit. [18]They passed this science on to others, including the Romans. The Romans used grafting to grow the apple. Trading along the Silk Road led to worldwide business 2,000 years before the World Wide Web.

The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods. They also shared their beliefs. The Silk Road provided pathways for learning, diplomacy, and religion.

【答案解析】：

根据选项中的trade route, silk trading, trade goods 等词表明，短文与丝绸贸易有关。

16. What was needed for traders along the Silk Road to do?  【C】

细节题。问题询问对于贸易者来说在丝绸之路上需要具备什么。在英语听力中，However转折处为常考点，其后通常为答案所在。短文中However转折指出the Silk Road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path.，后面又提到many dangers, 可见在丝绸之路上有很多困难，[D]中的difficulties是对dangers的同义转述，故答案为C。

17. Why did the Silk Road become less important?   【C】

细节题。问题询问丝绸之路变得没那么重要的原因。短文中提到“It was used from about 200 B.C.to about A.D. 1300, when sea travel offered new routes”，即由于海路的发现使得丝绸之路变得没那么重要了。[C] Because sea travel provided easier routes是由when sea travel offered new routes推断出来的，故答案为C。

18. Why could new technologies travel along the Silk Road?   【D】

细节题。问题询问新技术能够通过丝绸之路传播的原因，短文中提到They passed this science on to others,也就是说人们互相学习新技术，[D]选项中的learned from one another对应短文中的passed this science on to others，故答案为D。

Passage 2【听力原文】

It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. [19]Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. [20]However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a team. [21]For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company’s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. [22]Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there are only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.

【答案解析】：根据选项中的 job，labor，work，job security, chances of promotion等词表明，短文与职业发展和职业激励有关。

19. What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg? 【B】

细节题。此题问的是,到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。原文提到“Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility”，意为起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可，故答案为B。听音时应注意选项中哪一项是原文再现或者同意转换。

20. What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?  【A】

细节题。此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。原文提到“However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.”，连接词however后出现了答案。意为尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成，而A选项中manually的意思即为“手动地”，故答案为A。听音时应注意选项中的同意转换，不能听什么选什么，B为干扰项。

21. What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?  【D】

推断题。原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案，即出现在for example前的总结句中：“Give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team”，but后强调的是team，正确答案为选项D。听音时应注意选项中哪一项是原文再现。

22. Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers? 【B】

细节题。为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，答案出现在结尾前30秒处，即“Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people”，意为团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的个别人相关。选项中a small number of people only是a few people 的同义转换，故答案为B。　　　　

Passage 3【听力原文】

[23]Instead of passing notes in class, teens are now sharing information on their Web logs. A study showed that one in five tens in America has a blog, and about twice as many read them.

But some schools try to prohibit teens from keeping online journals. Many teens say journals are a great way to express their creativity and the ban on blogging violates their right to free speech.

Blog critics say that kids don’t know about online safety and that it’s imperative to place limitations on students. [24]They shouldn’t post private information about themselves and they don’t have the right to post someone else’s secrets.

Millions of people are online at any given time, and predators are plentiful, says Willard. Many students think only their friends read their blogs, but they’re wrong, she points out. “Kids are going to argue that these blogs are part of their private lives. And that’s the point: They aren’t private at all.”

Online bullying of fellow students and threats made to teachers are also serious concerns. “Bullying on the internet contributes to emotional distress for kids. It can be extremely harmful,” says Willard.

[25]Some students say they use blogs to help express unspoken feelings. Others see blogs as places to keep in touch with friends. “I can talk to people I don’t see often, because everyone is so busy,” Apollo High School senior Ashley Boswell says.

Bloggers say that their private writing is an expression of free speech. “If it is not endangering another individual, schools should have no control over it whatever,” wrote a teen on the site.

【答案解析】：根据选项中的 blog，private feeling, private information, quite fashionable等词表明，短文与新的沟通方式blog有关。

23. How do the teenagers share their information besides blogs? 【D】

细节题。4个选项均为由by引导的介词短语，因此在听音时应关注选项中的原音再现。短文第一句就说，“Instead of passing notes in class, teens are now sharing information on their Web logs.”由此可知，青少年分享信息的方式除blog 外还有课上传纸条，故答案D正确。

24. What shouldn’t the students do online, according to the passage?  【C】

推断题。短文提到blog critics 说孩子们不懂网络安全（online safety）认为有必要限制学生上网并表示，“They shouldn’t post private information about themselves and they don’t have the right to post someone else’s secrets.”故答案C正确。听音时应关注选项中的原音再现。

25. Why do students like to use blogs, according to the passage?   【D】

细节题。短文提到：“Some students say they use blogs to help express unspoken feelings. Others see blogs as places to keep in touch with friends.”可见学生喜欢blog主要是为了表达感情和朋友保持联系，D为其一，故为答案。听音时应关注选项中的原音再现。

Section C

【听力原文】

It is impossible to measure the importance of Edison by adding up his specific inventions. Actually, his name is associated with more than that. He did not merely make the lamp and the innumerable devices practicable for general use but demonstrated the power of applied science so concretely, so understandably, so convincingly that he altered the mentality of mankind. Because of Edison, more than of any other man, scientific research has an established place in our society; because of the demonstrations he made, the money of the taxpayers and stockholders has become available for studies, the nature of which they do not often understand, though they appreciate their value and anticipate their ultimate benefits.

In his lifetime, largely because of his successes, there came into widest acceptance that man could by the use of his intelligence invent a new mode of life. No other person played so great a part as Edison in the change of human expectation, and finally, by the effect of his widely distributed inventions plus a combination of the modern publicity technique, he was lifted in the popular imagination to a place where he was looked upon not only as the symbol but as the creator of the new age. Edison also had a peculiar genius for carrying existing discoveries to the point where they could be converted into practicable devices.

【答案解析】

26. 【解析】空格所缺词应为谓语动词。答案是“is associated with” 意为“与…相关”。

27. 【解析】根据前后的词可推断空格所填词应为形容词作前置定语修饰devices。答案是“innumerable” 意为“大量的”。

28. 【解析】空格所缺词属于not merely… but (also) 结构中的谓语动词, 答案是“demonstrated”, 意为“展示”。

29. 【解析】根据前面的so concretely, so understandably空格所缺词应为副词，答案是“convincingly”意为“有说服力地”。

30.【解析】根据前后的词可推断空格所填词应为形容词作前置定语修饰place。答案是“established” 意为“确定的”。

31.【解析】由and可知，空格所缺词应为名词的复数形式与taxpayers（纳税人）并列, 答案是“” 意为“股票持有者”。.

32.【解析】由and可知，空格所缺词应为谓语动词, 与下文的anticipate并列。答案是“appreciate” 意为“欣赏”。

33. 【解析】空格所缺词与life一起作invent的宾语, 答案是 “a new mode of”意为“新的模式”。

34.【解析】空格所缺词在介词plus之后，作介宾，而空格后又是名词，因而所填词名词短语；答案是“a combination of”。

35.【解析】空格所缺词在could情态动词之后，因而所填词应作谓语，答案是“be converted into” 意为“被转换为”。

Part III          Reading Comprehension

Section A

【答案解析】

语篇分析

本文是关于健身营养补充剂的有益性问题。时代发生了改变，人们的习惯也发生了改变。由于缺乏时间，人们转向依靠服用健身营养剂来获取营养。鉴于有关健身营养补充剂的有效性仍存在争议，建议在专业人员的指导下进行合理的摄取。

选项归类：

名词： A) alternative 可供选择的事物，替换物 C) time 时代，时间 F) balance 平衡G) doses 剂量I) L) vitamins 维他命

动词：  B) puzzling 使混乱不清，使迷惑 E) amusing 使发笑 F) balance平衡H) selecting 选择 I) affect 影响 M) confront 遭遇，面对 O) decide 决定

形容词：A) alternative 供选择的，交替的 B) puzzling 令人困惑的，混乱的 E) amusing 令人发笑的 K) appropriate 合适的，适当的 N) various 不同的

副词：  D) Presently 目前 J) Obviously 明显地

36. 【解析】 选L)。此处填名词。空格前为minerals, 空格后为and other essential nutrients，由此可见空格处需要填入一个名词构成并列结构。此外，文中提到许多人摄取各种营养补充剂来填补矿物质、         及其他必不可少的营养物。推断可知，此处应填“维他命”，故答案应为L）vitamins。

37. 【解析】 选C)。此处填名词。根据空后的助动词has可知，此处应填入一个名词的单数形式作句子的主语。空格所在句为该段的主题句，下文是对该主题句的进一步说明。由第二、三句的对比可知，该主题句主要是表达“时代和人们的生活习惯都发生了变化”，由此可知答案为C）time。

38. 【解析】 选D）。此处填副词。分析句子结构可知，所填词应为副词，从D）Presently、J）Clearly中选择。再根据句意，所填词要跟前一句中的earlier形成对比，earlier表示的是过去的情况，此处应该填一个表示现在的副词，故答案为D）Presently。

39. 【解析】 选F）。此处填动词原形。空格前为连词and，空格后为名词diets，由此可知本句为and 连接两个并列的结构，再根据前半句可知，空格处应填入一个动词原形。前半句指出，现在的人们缺乏时间。后半句为前半句的结果，即保持健康的饮食习惯和均衡的饮食并不是总是可能的。备选项中的动词原形能够与diets构成合理的动宾搭配，且能够使句意通顺的为F）balance。

40. 【解析】 选H）。此处填现在分词。空后的定冠词the以及空格在句中的位置可知所填词应为现在分词，与其后的内容一起，充当句子的主语。空格所在的句子为该段的主题句，指出“……正确的营养补剂是很让人困惑的”。下一句对该句进行了进一步说明，其指出，在电视上、网络上、广告板上都可以法相营养补剂的广告，因此决定正确的营养补剂是……。对比这两句话的内容可知，所填词应与decide on构成同义复现，选项中符合要求的为H）selecting。

41. 【解析】 选N）。此处填形容词。空格前为介词in，空格后为名词places，由此可推断空格处应填入一个形容词。根据句意可知，该句话表示，“在电视、网络、广告板等         的地方，你会看到各种不同的健身营养补充剂广告”。因此，由语法与语境判断，此处符合要求的为答案为N）various。

42. 【解析】 选O）此处填动词。空格前为动词不定式to，空格后名词on the right one，可以推断，此处应填入一个动词原形。符合题意的选项为M）confront与O）decide。根据句意，“如何       正确的营养补剂十分令人困惑”。因此，此处应填O）decide。

43. 【解析】 选K）此处填形容词。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词supplement，因此，应填入一个形容词修饰后面的名词。由上文可知，如何选择正确的营养补充剂十分令人困惑，因此，“要获得        补剂，比较好的方法是咨询健康专家”，答案为K）appropriate。

44. 【解析】 选 A）。此处填名词。Which从句的内容对前面所说的“许多人认为不可能存在任何正确的均衡饮食的……”进行了肯定，下一句But转折，引出另一个事实：鉴于我们目前所面对的繁忙的生活日程表，健身营养补剂为我们提供了很好的帮助。由此不难得知，空格所在句是说许多人认为健康营养补剂不可能取代均衡饮食，也就是说它不可能是均衡饮食的替代品，备选项中的词符合句意的为A）alternative。

45. 【解析】 选G）。此处填名词。空格前为形容词small，空格后为逗号，因此，此处应填一个名词。根据句意，该句话表示，“服用小         的补充剂是无害的”，此处符合句意的为选项G），故正确答案为G）doses。

Section B

【答案解析】

46.【解析】K)。由题干中的Caplan可定位到K)段。该段第二句意为，Caplan认为工作也能培养宝贵的技能，尤其是对于那些不喜欢坐在教室里的孩子而言，也许更为珍贵。

47.【解析】C)。由题干中的families, houses in a good school district可定位到C)段。该段第二句意为，越来越多的家庭把钱花在一所好学区的房子上。

48.【解析】E)。由题干中的subsidize loans可定位到E)段。该段最后两句提到，大学可以得到补贴贷款，经济学家Caplan认为只要补贴继续存在，这种巨大的资源浪费就会继续。

49.【解析】B)。由题干中的a college diploma可定位到B)段。该段第二句通过对比得出, 为获得大学文凭而付出的代价(金钱和时间)并不能让孩子们拥有更好生活。

50.【解析】H)。由题干中的who are not prepared for college, the returns on education可定位到H)段。该段第三句表明James Heckman的观点，如果你还没有准备好上大学，那么在教育上的投入就不值得。同时，学费的增加可能会冲抵高等教育所带来的回报。

51.【解析】D)。由题干中的the cost of a college education, the rise of price of goods and services可定位到D)段。该段提到，所有商品和服务的平均价格上升了大约50%，而大学的教育费用的上涨大约是其一倍。

52.【解析】 J)。由题干中的reduce the subsidized loan by choosing lower-paid jobs可定位到J)段。该段讲到，法律允许大学生偿还贷款金额的比例为年收入的10%...鼓励毕业生选择低收入的职业来减少学业贷款的偿还。

53.【解析】C)。由题干中的Middle-class Americans可定位到C)段。该段首句讲到，中产阶级家庭特别重视良好的教育。

54.【解析】L)。由题干中的job skills, social skills可定位到L)段。该段首句讲到，在学徒式项目中，孩子们不但能学习工作技能，而且能学习“软技能”及社交能力（social skills）。

55.【解析】F)。由题干中的Over fifty percent of recent college graduates可定位到F)段。该段第三句讲到，超过了一半的大学毕业生没有找到工作，或者所从事的工作并不要求学历。

Section C

【答案解析】

56.【定位】题干中的only 和understand将本题的出处定位于首段。

【解析】A）首段第一句说，每个梦都是来自你自身潜意识的信号，这种信号通过只有你才能理解和解读的编码进行表达。接着第二句解释了原因，你的梦的情景，色彩，情绪和语言都取决于你自己的文化，教养，俚语和你自己的对事物的理解。由此可见，只有做梦者才能理解自己的梦境，这是因为每个人的梦境都取自做梦者的自身经历、教养和经历等，故A)正确，其中 personal conditions 是对your own culture, upbring, slang and your own understanding of things and values 的概括总结。

57.【定位】根据题干中的second paragraph 将本题定位于第二段。

【解析】B)。第二段分三个阶段分析了梦的发生过程，其中第四、五句指出， 随着梦境的深入，它们可能会更加不可思议，因为它们能带来梦幻中的经历。这些一般情况下令人感到愉快的情景可以减轻白天的压力。由此可见，梦能够减轻白天的压力，因此选项B)正确。A)项的陈述太绝对化，与第二段第一句不符。C)属于主观想象，文中没有这样的观点。D)原文没有提到。

【定位】根据题干中的recurring dreams 将本题出处定位于第         三段最后两句。

【解析】C)。这两句提到，重复出现的梦很常见，当我们一次又一次地面临同样的问题时，我们经常会出现重复的梦境。重复出现的梦是我们本性中一些情绪弱点的一种迹象，而这种情绪弱点多年来一直给我们带来麻烦。由此可见，有三种情况可能会引发重复出现的梦境：1）当我们的某一生活场景反复出现时；2）当多次面临同一问题时；3）当感情脆弱时。故选项C)是对原文的概括，为答案。

【定位】根据题干将本题直接定位于最后一段。

【解析】A)。该段对清晰的梦境（lucid dreams)做了详细地说明。其中第二句提到，在清晰的梦境中，做梦者清醒地意识到，她或他正在做梦，做梦者能够使用记忆，同时参与梦境中的行为和情绪。该句正是对清晰的梦境的具体解释，即“做梦者处于一种有意识的状态，”A)highly conscious 是造成梦境清晰可记忆的深层原因，故答案为A)。

【定位】根据命题是按照文章顺序进行的规律，将本题出处定位  于文章末段。

【解析】B)。文章最后两句指出，人们可以学会控制梦境的方法。有些历史文件和记录显示，控制梦境的能力能帮助人们达到一个思想发展的新高度。B)improve our consciousness 正是对末段最后一句中的helps... reach a higher degree of mind development 的转述，故B)正确。

61.【定位】由题干中的changes及Facebook定位到原文第二段第二句：On Tuesday the company revealed changes to its privacy settings that are designed to more clearly show who knows what about your life on the Internet.

【解析】D)。 事实细节题。题干中的targets to是原文are designed to的同义转述，均意为“旨在......，目的在于......”。根据原文“这些改变的目的是让用户更清楚他人对其互联网生活了解多少”，即能告诉用户别人对你互联网生活的了解，D)含义与之吻合，故为答案。A）“让你更了解他人的生活”； B)“让你更了解你自己的生活”；C) "让他人更理解你的生活” 均不符合题意，故排除。

62.【定位】 本题根据题干不好定位，此时可以根据选项中的competition from Google及“题文同序”原则定位到原文第五段第二句: And with mounting competition from other social networking sites, namely Google . . .

【解析】C)。事实细节题。根据原文“面对来自其他社交网站日益上升的竞争压力，比如谷歌……”，可知脸谱网正面对来自谷歌的日益上升的竞争压力，C)含义与之吻合，故为答案。原文没有提及在脸谱网做出改变后，它会赢得比谷歌更多的市场份额，故排除A)；原文指出脸谱渴望保持顾客的信赖而不是未赢得用户的信赖，故排除B)；原文没有提及在保护隐私方面脸谱网和谷歌谁做得更好，故排除D)。

63.【定位】由题干中的Your profile should feel like your home定位到原文第六段首句: “Your profile should feel like your home on the Web，” the company said in a blog post.

【解析】C)。语义理解题。根据下文提到的“你应该从来不会觉得那里会出现你不想要的资料，你也再不用担心有谁会看见你的资料”，可知你的个人资料应该感觉就像你的家一样安全，C)含义与之吻合，故为答案。A）“你可以对你的个人资料做任何事”；B)“你在网上感觉非常舒适”；D)“你的个人资料只属于你自己”，均不符合题意，故排除。

64.【定位】由题干中的The labeled pictures 定位到原文第七段前两句That includes labeled pictures. The site will now let you approve every picture in which you are labeled before it appears on your profile page.

【解析】D)。事实细节题。根据原文“这包括贴有标鉴的图片。在张贴有标签的图片被上传至你尔的个人主页之前，网站都会提示让你确认”，可知你在个人主页上带标签的图片都是经过你同意之后才上传的。D）“（带有标签的图片）是你同意展示给其他人看的”是其同义转述，故为答案。原文指出如果你点击“公共”按钮，那就意味着任何在线用户都能看的见它，故排除A）；原文指出图片的出版商可以把照片粘贴在他或她自己的网页上，但是这不意味着他们有权在你自己的个人主页上更改你的图片，故排除B) ；原文指出在没获得你的同意之前，不会有任何一张普通的或者有损你名誉的照片出现在你的主页上，但是如果你同意的话，那些普通的照片也会上传到你的主页上，故排除C)。

65.【定位】由题干中的 the company officials 定位到原文最后一段末句：Company officials say they hope the latest changes will remove the mystery of privacy setting...

【解析】B)。事实细节题。根据原文“公司的官员称，他们希望最新的变化将会消除个人隐私设置的神秘感”，可知脸谱网的官员希望最新的变化能够使得个人隐私设置更公开化，B)含义与之吻合，故为答案。原文指出脸谱网官员希望其用户不会因为别人看到他们的信息而感到“惊讶”，故排除A）；原文指出这些改变表明了公司发展时期的一些困难，并不能说明最新的改变使其官员饱受折磨，故排除C）；原文指出脸谱网在全球范围内拥有75亿的用户，并未提及其官员接受过高等教育，故排除D)。

Part IV           Translation

参考译文

For years, China has been the world’s biggest exporter of international students. The number of Chinese students leaving for overseas study has been growing at more than 20% a year over the past few years, according to official estimates. Statistics show that in 2012, one of every six of the world’s international students came from China. However, that growth is expected to stall due to a combination XKBCEQT8DUMK8HM0IKN6VwLpeHMlvWwQIXSOyERjbxc=of demographic changes, better options at home and rising concerns about safety abroad.

【解析】

1. “据官方统计”可译为according to official estimates，放在句首或句末均可；“统计”也可以用statistics表示；“中国留学生”制度是去其他国家学习的中国学生，因此可以译为Chinese students leaving for overseas study，“在过去几年里……以每年超过20%的速度在增长”应该用现在完成进行时，译为has been growing at more than 20% a year over the past few years。

2. “有数据显示……”用Statistics show that 表示，“数据”也可译为data;“每六个就有一个”译为one of every six。

3. “随着……”可以用due to 短语表示，“中国人口结构发生变化”、“国内选择日趋丰富”和“对国外人身安全的担忧上升”均可以译为名次结构，即demographic changes, better options at home, rising concerns about safety abroad；为求简洁，避免重复，“中国海外留学生的增长势头”可以译为that growth.