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中考英语典型错误例析

作者:余 阳    文章来源:中考英语    点击数:    更新时间:2009-4-3

      1. 我通过大声朗读学英语
  误:I learn English with / in reading aloud.
  正:I learn English by reading aloud.
  析:介词by, with和in都可表示“用……方法”之意,但by强调方式,后常接V-ing,with一般表示利用有形的工具或器官,后常接名词,in表示用某种方式、原料或语言,后常接名词。
  2. 别害怕向别人求助。
  误:Don’t be afraid to ask for help.
  正:Don’t be afraid of asking for help.
  析:be afraid to do sth.表示“因害怕而不愿意干某事”,be afraid of doing sth.表示“那些我们自己并不希望、也不能决定而突然发生在我们身上的事情”。
  3. 如果你不仔细复习功课,你会在不久的考试中失败。
  误:You will not fail in your coming exams unless you don’t review your lessons.
  正:You will fail in your coming exams unless you review your lessons.
  正:You will fail in your coming exams if you don’t review your lessons.
  析:unless意为“除非;如果不”,是从属连词,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意义,相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式(即unless = if…not)。
  4.林涛过去常常晚到校。
  误:Lin Tao used to getting to school late.
  正:Lin Tao used to get to school late.
  析:“used to + 动词原形”表示“过去经常做某事”,表示过去的习惯;而be used to表示“习惯于……”,to是介词,后面可接名词或V-ing形式。如:The writer is used to staying up late at night. 那位作家习惯熬夜。
  5. 我相信最后一切都会好起来的。
  误:I’m sure everything will turn out all right finally.
  正:I’m sure everything will turn out all right in the end.
  析:finally和in the end均可表示“最后”,但前者不用来谈论将来的事,而后者则可用来谈论将来。
  6. 即使我成了百万富翁,我也不会忘记我的穷朋友们。
  误:Even I become a millionaire, I shall never forget my poor friends.
  正:Even if I become a millionaire, I shall never forget my poor friends.
  析:even可作副词,不可作连词,所以不能引导从句。若须用让步状语从句,应该用even though或even if,表示“即使……”。
  7. 你父亲为什么不戒烟?
  误:Why didn’t your father give up to smoke?
  正:Why didn’t your father give up smoking?
  析:give up意为“放弃”,后面接V-ing形式,不接动词原形或不定式。
  8.这是一条八千米长的街道。
  误:This is an 8,000 metre long street.
  正:This is an 8,000-metre-long street.
  析:由“数词 + 名词”构成的复合形容词用作前置定语时,除数词与名词之间须用连字符外,名词只能以单数形式出现。如:a five-star flag一面五星红旗,an 800-word composition一篇八百字的文章。
  9. 好好学习,天天向上。
  误:Learn hard and make progress every day.
  正:Study hard and make progress every day.
  析:虽然study和learn均表示“学习”,但用于祈使句或与副词hard连用时,通常只用study,而不用learn。study和learn之间的另一区别是:前者多指学习的过程,后者多指学习的结果。
  10. 楼下的那家人已搬迁到另一座城市去了。
  误:The downstairs family have moved to another city.
  正:The family downstairs have moved to another city.
  析:downstairs与upstairs用作定语,修饰名词时,必须后置。类似的副词还有:here, there, above等。
  11. 他为有可能把钱全弄丢而焦虑不安。
  误:He was anxious for the possibility of losing all his money.
  正:He was anxious about the possibility of losing all his money.
  析:be anxious about / for都可表示“为……而忧愁 / 着急”,通常情况下,be anxious about后接“事”;而be anxious for后接“人”。再如:We have been anxious for you. 我们一直为你们着急。
  12. 他假装没有听说过这件事。
  误:He pretended not hearing about it.
  正:He pretended not to hear about it.
  析:pretend意为“假装”,既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。作及物动词时,后面常接名词、不定式或从句作宾语。

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