| 中考宾语从句考点设置分类精讲与题例 |
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作者:卢爱龙 文章来源:初中生 点击数: 更新时间:2008-7-2 7:16:50  |
一、考查宾语从句的连接词 1.当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无实在意义,在口语和非正式文体中常省略。 [中考题例1]Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk.(2001江苏盐城) A.that B.where C.which D.what 2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。 [中考题例2]I don’t know ______he still lives here.(2002辽宁) A.where B.what C.when D.whether [中考题例3] In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.(2002北京东城区) A.that B.how C.what D.if [应试规律]if和whether 在表示“是否”来引导宾语从句时,应注意以下几种情况: ①介词之后的宾语从句,只能用whether连接,而不用if。 ②宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。 ③动词不定式之前,只能用whether。 ④宾语从句是否定句时,只能用if,不用whether。 3.当由特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,只需用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。 [中考题例4]—Be careful!Don’t break the bottles.Do you hear ______ I said,Jim? —Yes,mom.(2002陕西) A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if [中考题例5]—I don’t know ______ Mr Green will come to see us? —He will help us with our English.(2002浙江杭州) A.why B.when C.howD.where [中考题例6]—Do you know ______ Miss Gao will leave? —Tomorrow morning.(2000山东济南) A.when B.whatC.whoD.where [应试技巧]解以上这类题目时,可采用逆推法,即根据答语,来选择疑问词,如第六道题,根据答语“Tomorrow morning”可知对其提问应用when,从而迅速得到正确答案。 二、考查宾语从句的语序 总的来说,无论是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都应用陈述语序,即:连接词+主语+谓语+其他。根据连接词在从句中所担任的成分不同,可分为: 1.连接词在从句中作主语时,其语序为:“连接词+谓语+其他”。常见的连接词有who,what等。 [中考题例7]Could you tell me ______?(2001青海西宁) A.where is the post office B.who knows the answer C.what are they doing D.when does the shop open [中考误区]该考点在中考中最易出“思维定势”类的题目。如: Can you tell me ______?(自命题) A.what’s wrong with the bike B.what wrong is with the bike C.what the bike is wrong with D.what wrong is the bike with [错因分析]What’s wrong with…?是一个特殊疑问句。而同学们在学习宾语从句时,老师反复强调从句部分用陈述语序,所以许多同学在阅题后,常迅速排除A项,殊不知,此处what在从句中充当主语,what’s wrong with the bike正是陈述语序,故正确答案为A项。 2.当连接词在从句中充当宾语、状语或表语时,其语序为:连接词+主语+谓语+其他。常见连接词有:what,where,which,how many,how far,why等。 [中考题例8]The students are studying hard,for they know ______.(2002山东青岛) A.what are they studying for B.what are they studying C.what they are studying for D.why they are studying for [中考题例9]You must remember ______.(2002河南) A.what your teacher said B.what did your teacher say C.your teacher said what D.what has your teacher said [中考误区]如连接词在宾语从句中充当不及物动词的宾语,将其放到从句句首时,不及物动词后的介词不能少。 [中考题例10]I don’t know ______.(1999江苏盐城) A.which room I can live B.which room can I live C.which room I can live in D.which room can I live in 3.当连接词在从句中作宾语的定语,其语序为“连接词+名词+主语+谓语+其他”。常见的连接词有what,which等。 [中考题例11]—I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term. —Real?Do you know ______?(2000浙江金华) A.what subject does he teachB.what subject will he teach C.what subject is he going to teach______ D.what subject he teaches 三、考查宾语从句的时态 在宾语从句中,从句的动词时态,要与主句的动词时态相呼应,其主要考点包括以下三点: 1.如主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要选用相应的任何时态。 [中考题例12]—Do you know ______?I’m going to see him. —Sorry,I don’t know.(2002北京海淀区) A.where does Mr Li live B.where did Mr Li live C.where Mr Li lives D.where Mr Li lived [中考题例13]—Do you know ______? —They moved here soon after their son was born.(2002河北) A.when would the Greens move hereB.when the Greens moved here C.the Greens would move hereD.when the Greens would move here 2.如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词应根据需要,选择相应的过去时态。 [中考题例14]He asked me ______.(2002山东济南) A.who did kick the first goal in the World Cup B.when was the APEC meeting held C.when China became a member of the WTO D.where the 2008 Olympics will be held 3.如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句是什么时态,从句的时态都用一般现在时。 [中考题例15]When I was young,my grandfather told me that the moon ______ around the earth.(1999江苏南通) A.goes B.to go C.went D.had gone [中考题例16]The teacher told us that light ______much faster than sound.(2000贵州贵阳) A.travelsB.travelledC.would travelD.had traveled 四、考查两个易混点 在复合句中,when和if不但可以引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句,因此要分析整句话所表达的意义,特别要注意分清是宾语从句还是状语从句。 1.if引导宾语从句时,意为“是否”,其时态和主句时态相呼应;当它引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果”,如主句时态是一般将来时,从句时态应用一般现在时来代替将来时。 [中考题例17]Do you know if ______ back next week?If he ______back,please let me know.(2002黑龙江) A.he comes;will come B.will he come;comes C.he will come;comes D.will he come;will come 2.when引导宾语从句时,意为“何时”,其时态和主语相呼应;当它引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……时候”,如主句是一般将来时,从句时态应用一般现在时来代替将来时。 [中考题例18]—Do you know when he ______ back? —Sorry,I don’t.When he ______back,I’ll tell you .(2001江苏无锡) A.comes;comes B.comes;will come C.will come;comes D.will come;will come 五、考查带宾语从句的反意疑问句 一般带宾语从句的复合句,其反意疑问句的简短问句部分的主、谓要与主句一致,但在I think(believe,guess等)表示主观看法的主句后所接的宾语从句中,其反意疑问句的简短问句部分的主、谓要与宾语从句的主谓一致,肯定还是否定则根据主句来确定。 [中考题例19]—I guess she taught herself Japanese,______? —Yes.(2000江苏盐城) A.don’t I B.did she C.do I D.didn’t she 总之,宾语从句的语法知识虽然繁多,但各地中考对该考点考查都集中体现在以上五点,所以同学们在复习时须做到:抓准考点,对其逐一归纳,形成知识的网络;考前进行适当的专项训练,养成解题能力,中考应试时定会稳操胜券。 Key:1.A 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.C 19.D
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