一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致原则:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这时谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致原则:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近它的主语。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球,他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、 主谓一致常考题型
1. 单数名词(代词)或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
The students are playing football on the playground. 学生们正在操场上踢足球。
2. many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语动词要用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算等词或短语作主语时,这些通常看作是一个整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 20磅并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and (each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词+as well as+名词”时,谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。
Mike with his father has been to England.迈克和他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生和老师正在开会。
10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+ a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和教师来了。(作家和教师是两个人)
A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有一副刀叉。
11. People, police等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。
People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large.他家的人不多。
My family are all like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12.不定代词
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