动名词具有名词的特性，在句子中主要做主语、宾语。
　　1. 动名词做主语。一般情况下，动名词表示一种抽象的、泛指的动作，而不是一次性的、具体的动作。动名词做主语的句子常用it做形式主语。如：
　　It is dangerous swimming in this river.
　　在这条河里游泳很危险。
　　2. 动名词做宾语。英语中有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，常见的动词有：enjoy, excuse, finish, mind, practice, miss, can't help等。如：
　　I enjoyed reading this novel.
　　我喜欢读这本小说。
　　They finished writing the composition yesterday.
　　他们昨天就写完了这篇作文。
　　When she heard the bad news, she couldn't help crying.
　　她听到这个坏消息，不禁哭了起来。
　　
　　三、动名词和不定式的区别
　　
　　1. 一般来说，动名词表示一种抽象的、泛指的动作；而不定式则表示一次性的、具体的动作。换句话说，动名词通常不与特定的动作发出者联系在一起，而不定式却恰恰相反。试比较：
　　Lying is wrong.
　　说谎是不对的。（泛指lie这种做法或行为）
　　To lie is wrong.
　　说谎是不对的。（对于说谎者是谁，说话人心中是有所指的）
　　Michael likes swimming very much.
　　迈克尔非常喜欢游泳。（指游泳这项运动）
　　Michael likes to swim in the river.
　　迈克尔喜欢在河里游泳。（指具体在什么地方游泳）
　　2. 动名词与不定式做某些动词的直接宾语时的比较：
　　（1）try doing sth. 表示“尝试着做某事”；try to do sth. 表示“设法做某事”。试比较：
　　I'll try doing it in a new way.
　　我将用一种新方法试着做做看。
　　I once tried to learn Japanese.
　　我曾试着学日语。
　　（2）mean doing sth. 表示“意味着……，意思是……”；mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事，想要做某事。”试比较：
　　Giving up the job means missing a good opportunity.
　　放弃这份工作意味着错过一个好机会。
　　I mean to help him with it.
　　我打算帮他做这件事。
　　（3）forget doing sth. 表示“忘记曾做过某事”；forget to do sth. 表示“忘记要做某事”。试比较：
　　The man forgot turning off the light.
　　那人忘了已经关上灯的事。
　　The man forgot to turn off the light when he left the room.
　　那人离开房间时忘记关灯了。
　　（4）remember doing sth. 表示“记得曾做过某事”；remember to do sth. 表示“记住要做某事”。试比较：
　　The man remembered turning off the light when he left the room.
　　那人离开房间时记得把灯关上了。
　　Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room.
　　离开房间时记得把灯关上。
　　（5）stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事”；stop to do sth. 表示“停下来去做另外一件事”，不定式是目的状语。试比较：
　　The baby stopped crying when she saw her mother.
　　那个小孩儿看到她母亲，停止了哭泣。
　　They stopped to have a rest.
　　他们停下来休息。
　　（6）go on doing sth. 表示“继续做原来的事”；go on to do sth. 表示“接着去做另外一件事”。试比较：
　　After a short while they went on working.
　　过了一会儿，他们又继续工作了。
　　Let's go on to do the next problem.
　　咱们接着看下一个问题。
　　
　　一、 单项选择
　　1. -You've done very well this time.-It's really kind______.
　　A. for you to say soB. for you saying so
　　C. of you to say soD. of you saying so
2. It is better to lose one's life than ______.
　　A. if you lose your spiritB. losing his spirit
　　C. to lose one's spirit D. your spirit getting lost
　　3. -I can't work it out this way. -Why not______it some other way?
　　A. try to doB. try doing
　　C. trying to do D. trying doing
　　4. To say is one thing, and______is another.
　　A. to do B. doingC. to do it D. saying it
　　5. Since you find it difficult ______a decision, you'd better ______ a discussion with your parents.
　　A. reach; haveB. reaching; have
　　C. reach; having D. to reach; have
　　6. He would rather go than______here for the night.
　　A. to stay B. stayC. staying D. stayed
　　7.The purpose of mastering a new technology is to make life easier,______it more difficult.
　　A. not makeB. not to make
　　C. not making D. do not make
　　8. I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.
　　A. expected B. expects
　　C. to expect D. to be expecting
　　9.There isn't any difference between the two. I really don'tknow__________ .
　　A. where to choose B. what to choose
　　C. which to choose D. to choose which
　　10. She didn't know whether to sell her books or__________.
　　A. to keep them for reference
　　B. if she should keep them for reference
　　C. keeping them for reference
　　D. kept them for reference
　　11. Paul doesn't have to be made _______ .He always works hard.
　　A. learnB. to learnC. learned D. learning
　　12. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_______ .
　　A. not toB. not to doC. not do it D. do not to
　　13. The patient was warned_______oily food after the operation.
　　A. to eat notB.eating not C. not to eatD. not eating
　　14. I would love_________to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
　　A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone
　　15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to_________.
　　A. be put upB. give inC. be turned onD. go out
　　16. Robber is said _________ abroad, but I don't know what country
　　he studied in.
　　A. to have studiedB. to study
　　C. to be studyingD. to have been studying
　　17. My father hates________. He never allows me_________ .
　　A. to smoke; to smoke B. smoking; smoking
　　C. smoke; smokingD. smoking; to smoke
　　18. The girl was beginning_______.
　　A. get angryB. to get angry
　　C. getting angryD. angry
　　19. The Internet makes it easy __________ much new information in a
　　short time.
　　A. getB. to get C. gets D. getting
　20. Do you mind _________ the window?
　　A. my opening B. my to open
　　C. if I am going to open D. if I will open
　　
　　二、根据句意用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子
　　
　　1. The box is too heavy for me_______ (carry).
　　2. They're busy__________(prepare) their lessons.
　　3. The question is when________(begin) the meeting.
　　4. The boss made them__________(work) ten hours a day.
　　5. Father is sleeping. You'd better_________(keep) quiet.
　　6. Would you mind my________(stand) here?
　　7. Tell those children not__________(swim) there. It's dangerous.
　　8. When the sun is down, the stars are bright enough_________(see).
　　9. Some boys of Class One enjoy _________(listen) to music.
　　10. It is said that to teach a man fishing is better than________(give) him fish.
　　11. After they read Lesson One, they went on________(read) Lesson Two.
　　12. They stopped_________(talk) when their teacher came into the classroom.
　　13. It takes me thirty minutes _______(get) home from my school by bike.
　　14. She likes_______ (play) the piano, but she doesn't like ________(play) it today.
　　15. My grandpa was made________(work) over ten hours a day by the boss when he was young.

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