| 中考英语语法：现在完成时 |
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作者：李建高 文章来源：初中生世界 点击数： 更新时间：2008-6-14 13:30:12  |
认真分析近年来与现在完成时有关的中考试题，就会发现其经典考点如下：
一、考查与现在完成时连用的时间状语
1. —Chen Jie, the workers _________ our new library already.
—Really? I’ll go there and borrow some books. (2007年浙江宁波)
A. decorateB. are decorating
C. have decoratedD. were decorated
2. I have known the writer for several years. I am reading his latest book, but I__________ it yet. (2006年江苏宿迁)
A. have finished B. hadn’t finished
C. am not finishingD. haven’t finished
3. —Would you like to see the film with me?
—I’m sorry I _________ it twice. (2007年北京)
A. see B. will see
C. have seen D. am seeing
4. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long.
—Oh, not at all. I ___________ for only several minutes. (2007年湖北襄樊)
A. will be B. have been
C. was D. had been
5. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?
—Very much, of course. I _________ this school since I moved here.
(2006年湖北黄冈)
A. came toB. have gone to
C. have been atD. have been to
6. In the past few years there __________ great changes in my hometown.
(2007年天津)
A. have been B. were
C. had beenD. are
[一点就通]
与现在完成时连用的时间状语主要有以下几类：①already, ever, just, never, yet, recently等表示时间的副词；②once, twice, three times等表示次数的词或词组；③for连接的表示一段时间的词组；④since连接的表示过去某一时刻的词、词组或时间状语从句。需要注意的是，since引导的状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。⑤in the past/last+一段时间，意为“在过去的……”。
二、考查have/has gone to和have/has been to的区别
7. —Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?
—Sorry. He __________ the Xuanwu Lake Park. (2007年江苏南京)
A. has been to B. went to
C. has gone to D. will go to
8. —Please tell me how many times _________ to the Summer Palace.
—Only once. (2007年江苏无锡)
A. have you gone B. you have gone
C. have you been D. you have been
[一点就通]
have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，可能在途中，也可能已经到达了目的地；have/has been to意为“（曾经）去过某地”，现在已经回来了。
三、考查现在完成时与for, since连用表示持续性动作或状态的用法
9. My father _________ on business for two week. He will return in 3 days.
(2007年内蒙古乌兰察布)
A. leftB. has left
C. has goneD. has been away
10. —How long have you __________ your watch? It looks new.
—Only about three weeks. (2007年浙江宁波)
A. had B. bought
C. received D. borrowed
11. —I’m sorry, John. I _________ your radio for such a long time.
—Never mind. You can still ___________ it a little longer if you like.
(2007年内蒙古呼和浩特)
A. have borrowed; kept
B. have lent; kept
C. have kept; keep
D. have returned; kept
12. It __________ ten years since we last ________ in Beijing. (2006年河北)
A. was, metB. has been, met
C. was, meet D. is, meet
13. —Hi. I_________ you for a long time.
—Iin Beijing. I have just come back. (2007年湖北随州)
A. hadn’t seen; amB. haven’t seen; shall be
C. didn’t see; will be D. haven’t seen; was
[一点就通]
在现在完成时的肯定句中，谓语只能是持续性动词，不能用终止性动词，常见的终止性动词有come, go, leave, join, arrive, buy, die等。如果要表达这些动作发生了多长时间，需要把它们转换成能够表示持续意义的动词或短语，常见的转换方法有：①转换成“be+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”这种系表结构。如，come→ be in, go→ be at, leave→ be away, join the army→ be a soldier/in the army, die→ be dead等；②用延续性动词替换终止性动词，如，buy→ have, borrow → keep等；③用“It is/has +一段时间+since+从句(用一般过去时)”表示；④用“一段时间+has passed + since+从句(用一般过去时)”表示。
注意：终止性动词在现在完成时的否定句中可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
Keys: 1~６ CDCBCＡ７~８ CD９~13 ＤＡCBD
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