| 小议高考试题中的命题失误 |
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作者:李 春 文章来源:网路 点击数: 更新时间:2008-5-31 20:34:43  |
【考例一】 (06山东23) Engines are to machines_______hearts are to animals. A. as B. that C. what D. which 解析: 本题给出的答案是C,这是完全正确的,但是答案A也值得商榷,我认为答案A也应是正确答案,请看依据: 在全日制普通高级中学教科书英语第二册下(人教版)P21给出了这样一个固定句型:A is to B what C is to D.书本给出了以下例句:A net is to a bird what a house is to a man. 此例表明答案C是正确的,但是以下两例表明答案A也是正确的: (1)《中小学英语教学与研究》(2006年第8期)P60刊登了刑建平老师的《几例意义相似的比喻句型》一文,文中给出的第一个比喻句型就是A is to B what / as C is to D.。原文是这样论述的: 1. A is to B what / as C is to D. what在这里作连词用,意为“恰似”、“好比”,该句式中的what也可以用as替代。to是介词表示“对于”,前后呼应起来就是:A对于B好比C对于D一样,其中A、B是本体,C、D是喻体,本体句常用be作谓语,喻体句中的be可以省略。例如: 1) A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man. 鸟巢对于鸟就好像房子对于人一样。 2) Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 读书对于思想好比运动对于身体一样。 3) An individual is to the revolution as a screw is to a machine.一个人的作用对于革命事业来说,就如一架机器上的一颗螺丝钉。 (2)《大学英语语法》(徐广联主编)P219也列出了这个句型结构: A is to B what X is to Y. 这个句型意为:A之于B犹如X之于Y。本句型的变体有: A is to B as X is to Y. As X is to Y, so is A to B. What X is to Y, that is A to B.例如: Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal. 叶之于植物犹如肺之于动物。 As the house is to the man, so is the nest to the bird and the cave to the animal. = What the nest is to the bird and the cave to the animal, that is the house to the man. 室之于人,犹如巢之于鸟,穴之于兽。 【考例二】 (06上海卷31)Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use______ with him. A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued 解析:本题给出的答案是B。依据是It’s no use doing sth. 这一固定句型,但事实上It’s no use to do sth.也是正确的结构,请看依据: (1) 在全日制普通高级中学教科书英语第三册(人教版)P98的课文中有这样一个句子:It is no use for everybody to try to pursue the same career. 由此可见,我们的教科书上是认可这一结构的。 (2) 在《现代英语用法词典》(张道真编)P1646有以下两个例句: It is no use your running away [It is no use for you to run away]. (ELD) We’ve decided that it’s no use to worry, Dinny. (Galsworthy)
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