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完形填空是一种集知识和能力考查为一体的综合性试题,它既考查学生的语言知识,又考查学生的阅读能力和逻辑思维能力。好的完形填空语义连贯、层次分明、结构严谨,给人一种“浑然一体”的感觉,因此它是学生普遍感到很难的一类题型。但是再巧妙的题目都有“懈”可击,有“章”可循,有“法”可依。本文将结合07年全国各省市的完形填空题,对应考技巧进行分析和点拨,以帮助广大考生顺利地备考。为方便查阅,文中保留了原题号。 【技巧一】利用逻辑关系语,定位相关选项 逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段,主要有:(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词),如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等;(2)短语,如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等;(3)分句和独立结构,如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语,找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项,如其同义词、近义词或反义词等,有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。 【例】 The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when__46__and in her dreams. (07全国卷I) 46. A. asleepB. away C. aroundD. awake 【析】本句的逻辑关系语是both ... and ...,它表示并列关系。and后出现了in her dreams,故此空必定和其有关。选项中只有awake和in her dreams构成反义关系,因此D项正确。 【例】 Before leaving, I had turned the heater__48__in the roadhouse, so that when we went in, it was nice and__49__.(07湖北卷) 48. A. onB. off C. inD. over 49. A. neatB. hot C. warmD. attractive 【析】本句的逻辑关系语是so that和and。连词and表并列关系,但要注意,nice and后接形容词或副词,大多意为“很”,如:The room is nice and warm. (这个房间很暖和。) / The breeze is nice and cool. (这阵微笑很凉爽。) / The car is going nice and far. (这辆轿车跑得很快。)发热器只能使房间变暖或变热,因此49 选C;so that表因果关系,根据句意“为了我们进来时室内很温暖”,只有turn on the heater才合乎逻辑,因此48选A。 【技巧小试】 ① ... those challenges are the very things that__37__us and make us who we are ... (07山东卷) 37. A. designB. promote C. directD. shape ②It’s a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful__36__, instead of the usual school uniform. (07北京卷) 36. A. shapesB. dresses C. flowersD. pictures ③“You need__36__,” his father said. “But if you don’t work hard, no fortune will come.” (07辽宁卷) 36. A. exerciseB. fortune C. knowledgeD. wealth 答案:① D② B ③ B 【技巧二】通晓上下文意,注意习惯搭配 词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配,特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握,并在解题时灵活运用,就能达到事半功倍的效果。 【例】 A young man, wet from__42__to toe, explained that he had__43__out of petrol about 30 km up the road. (07湖北卷) 42. A. fingerB. shoulder C. headD. hand 43. A. drivenB. used C. comeD. run 【析】本句中两个考点都是固定搭配。第一个from head to toe / foot意为 “从头到脚,全身上下”;第二个run out of意为 “用完,耗尽”。答案分别为C和D。 【例】 Java began to enjoy one of the year’s greatest event: “the Night of the Full Moon”, a festival(节日)that is especially popular__44__young people.(07安徽卷) 44. A. forB. toC. withD. in 【析】 be popular with为固定词组,意为“受……欢迎”。其它选项均不能和popular构成固定搭配,故答案为C。 【技巧小试】 ①He tried to__31__a telephone call, but was unable to__32__. (07浙江卷) 31. A. makeB. fix C. useD. pick 32. A. get on B. get up C. get throughD. get in ②He got good grades in the school, especially__43__biology and chemistry, which was a great comfort.(07重庆卷) 43. A. inB. about C. ofD. for 答案:① A; C ② A 【技巧三】明确文章语境,搞清词语差异 高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类,有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题,考生在平时记忆单词时,要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境,比较四个选项的细微差别,推敲什么是最佳答案。 【例】 I felt the__48__of a lifetime had come.(07江西卷) 48. A. momentB. period C. whileD. date 【析】 四个选项均有“日期、时期”之意,但仔细辨析可知,moment 意为“时刻、契机”,“转机”;period意为“时期、阶段”;while意为“一会儿”;date意为“日期”。根据of a lifetime had come(一生的……到了)设置的语境,可知moment为最佳选项。 【例】 ... the lady didn’t take a bite. She sat there__34__her husband eat, and taking turns (轮流) sipping the drink.(07陕西卷) 34. A. seeingB. noticing C. watchingD. finding 【析】四个选项都有“看”之意。see sb. do sth.意为“看见了某人做了某事”;notice sb. do sth. 意为“(无意中)注意到某人做了某事”;watch sb. do sth. 意为“注视 / 观看某人做某事”,find后不接动词原形作宾补。通过语境可知,女士自己不吃,只是看着丈夫吃,因此C项正确。 【技巧小试】 ①The doors had been shut. They__30__be opened from the inside. He was trapped(被困) in a library. (07浙江卷) 30. A. wouldn’tB. shouldn’t C. couldn’tD. needn’t ②I was so nervous that my hands shook, and I__47__a cup into pieces. (07湖南卷) 47. A. damagedB. destroyed C. brokeD. ruined 答案:① C ② C
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