| 英语阅读技巧 |
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作者：唐 燕 文章来源：英语教学 点击数： 更新时间：2008-5-15 13:47:36  |
一、猜测词义阅读法
浩瀚的词海使人无法记住所有的单词，因此我们在阅读时难免会碰到一些生词，而频繁的查阅字典不但阻碍了我们的阅读速度，同时还影响了人们的阅读兴趣。实际上，有些生词是可以通过某种方法猜测出来的。
1．定义猜词法（Guess the meaning of the words or phrases by the definition given after the words or phrases）
1) All other birthdays are called sing il (born day). The sixty-first birthday is called huan up (beginning of the new life).
2)The harbor is protected by a jelly--- a wall built out into the water.
3) John is indecisive, that is , he can’t make up his minds.
不难看出以上三个句子画线部分词的词意从后面的括号中，破折号后的解释和that is 后的同位语中可以清楚地猜出。
2. 重述猜词法（Restatement）
在阅读过程中，我们经常会发现 “Restatement”，他的作用相当于给前面的词、词组或句子下定义。如：
1) He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that he thought he was ill. “wan”: pale and weak (“苍白的”，“无血色的”)。
2)I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give it up easily. “resolute”: fixed in determination, firm(性格坚强的，坚定的)
3. 常识猜词法
1) Mark got on the motorbike, and I sat behind him on the pillion. Pillion: 后座
2) I’m very tall so I must be careful. Doorways are so low and I usually knock my head against the lintel. I have never met a tall architect. Lintel: 门楣。Architect: 建筑师。
4. 根据相关信息猜词义
1) He was angry. Once again he flew into a rage.
2) He has never gone to school in his life. No wonder he is illiterate.
根据相关的信息，我们可以猜出 “flew into a rage” 词组的意思是“生气，勃然大怒”。Illiterate 一词的意思是“文盲的，不认识字的”。
5. 构词法猜词义
英语构词法有三种：合成法，派生法和转换法。合成法是两个或两个以上的词合成一个词，如tea（茶）, spoon（勺子）, full（满的），合成teaspoonful（一汤司，一勺）。
I would like a teaspoonful of sugar in my coffee. 派生法是给一个词根加上前缀，后缀或中缀，构成一个新词。如 unimaginative（缺乏想象力的）一词，由前缀un-(不，非)和 后缀-ative（有… 性质的，有…倾向的，有…关系的）和词根imagine（想象）构成。转换法是一个词的词性发生了变化。如leave（离开）一词，可以用做动词，也可以用做名词，比如Every morning he leaves home early to work and he always takes his leave at 6:00.
二、抓大意阅读法
要读懂一篇文章，首先要观其大意，再注重细节。
1)略读法(scanning)
略读是指快速阅读文章的全文，抓住关键词以求其主旨和大意的阅读技巧。
A survey by Microsoft , the US software manufacturer, and Management Today magazine has shown that although 76%of managers have direct use of screens and keyboards, only 6% believe they are used to the maximum effect in their workplace.
One of the survey’s most disturbing findings is that managers use computers to automate manual processes rather than to change work patterns and business practice. In most cases information technology is used to speed up routine tasks rather than as a competitive weapon.
Only one a few use PCs on networks to share information and ideas. Instead, most managers use their PCs to edit documents—not a good use of their time when they could be dreaming up creative application that will help them monitor their customers and competitors in a fast-changing market-place
A. The text is about how managers conduct surveys on their personal computers.
B. The text is about the use of personal computers in offices.
C. The text is about a survey on how managers make use of personal computers.
略读全文后，找出关键词：Survey 、 reveal 、 findings 、 managers 、 personal computer从而推断出C 句是本文的中心思想。
2) 概括法
概括是指从文章的细节中得出全文大意的一种阅读技巧。通常，文章的细节，无论其形式如何变化，都有先后、主次、轻重之分。一般来说，文章按以下几种顺序列举事实和关系：1.主次顺序；2时间顺序；3因果关系；4分类关系。
The beginning of the E. C (European Community) dated from May 9th 1950, when Robert Schuman, France’s Foreign Minister, proposed that France and Germany should combine their coal and steel industries under an independent “supranational” authority. This led to the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (E. C. S. C)in 1952.In addition to France and Germany, Belgium Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands also became members later.
The E .C was a step toward economic integration in Europe and led to the Treaty of Rome which was signed on March 25th 1957 with the same six member states as in E. C. S. C. In 1973 the U.K. , Denmark and the Republic of Ireland became members; Greece,. Spain and Portugal joined in the 1980s.
以上文章是以时间顺序，概括出欧洲共同体（European Community）的形成、发展和壮大。
3)结论法
通常，一段文章的某个句子告诉读者本段的主题，从而给出中心思想，这个句子就叫主题句 。一篇文章最重要的部分是主题句(The Topic Sentence)，它言简意赅地总结了本段的中心思想，给读者以阅读的目的和阅读的方向。一段文章的主题句或在句首，或在句中，或在句末。当主题句在句首时，它统领全文；当它在句中时，承上启下；当它再句末时，总结全文, 读者能够从一些表示总结或结论的词语中获得本段主题。如:A survey was conducted by Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, H .M. S. O. to investigate the manner of solemnization per 1 000 marriages at ten-year intervals. The information is given for Church of England/Wales weddings and civil ceremonies (Roman Catholic and other denominational weddings are excluded). For civil ceremonies there is a decline of 36 every 10 years, and for Church of England/Wales marriages there is a decline of 36 every 10 years. The trend suggests that people are getting less religion (or more secular), or that marriage is seen more as a social contract and less as a religious ceremony. It may be concluded that fewer people now get married in a church.
文章的最后一句总结了本文的主题：如今，在教堂举行婚礼的人越来越少。
三、意群阅读法
人们在力求提高阅读理解水平的同时，也应该有意识地提高其阅读速度。意群阅读法( Reading in Sense Group or in Thought Group) 是提高阅读速度简单而有效的方法。意群是一个能够表达一个完整意思的一个群组。意群可以是一个句子，一个词组，或一个词。如：
The years passed. / He gave up flying / and began sailing. / He enjoyed it greatly. / Chichester was already 58 years old / when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing race. / His old dream of going round the world / came back, / but this time / he would sail. / His friends and doctors / did not think / he could do it, / as he had lung cancer. / But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan. / In August, 1966, / at the age of nearly sixty-five, / an age when many men retire, / he began the greatest voyage of his life. / Soon, / he was away in his new 16-metre-boat, / Gipsy Moth.
当然，阅读的方法有很多，如逻辑关系阅读法（Logical Contextual Sequence）、 合理判断阅读法(Making Sound Judgment)、因果关系词阅读法 (Discovering Markers of Cause and Effect)、查读法 (Scanning) 等。
在实际阅读过程中，不同的阅读技巧既相互独立又相辅相成。只有通过大量的实际阅读分析训练才能掌握技巧，提高阅读效率。
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