| 高二英语词语例解 |
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作者:陈清鹏 … 文章来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2008-4-22 20:51:55  |
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词语例解 1. benefit vt. “有益于;有利于;对……有好处”,后面接名词或代词 Exercise benefits our health. 锻炼对我们的健康有利。 They are working together to benefit the whole community.他们一起为整个团体的利益而工作。 vi. “获益;得益于”,后面可接from / by,表示“从……中受益” We benefited greatly by this frank talk. 这次坦率的谈话使我们获益匪浅。 Many thousands have benefited from the new treatment.成千上万的人受益于新的疗法。 n. “益处;好处”,可用作不可数名词或可数名词 He got a lot of benefit from the holiday. 假期让他受益匪浅! The new hospital will be a great benefit to the town.新建成的医院将给全城带来莫大的好处。 【搭配】 for the benefit of 为了……的利益 be of benefit to sb. (= be beneficial to)对……有好处 / 益处for one’s benefit 为了帮助某人;对某人有益 2. propertyn. 1) 财产;不动产; (某处特定的)地产(可数) This small house is my only property. 这所小房屋是我唯一的财产。 With the city developing rapidly, property in the center is becoming more and more expensive. 这个城市发展迅速,市中心的房地产愈来愈贵。 2) 性能;特性(可数) One property of steel is its hardness. 坚固是钢的特性之一 He is studying the medicinal properties of wild plants. 他正在研究野生植物的药用特性。 3) 所有权;财产权 (不可数) There is no property in the seashore.海岸非任何人私有。 3. absorb vt. 1) 吸收(液体、气体、光、声等) Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。 Use the cloth to absorb the ink. 用布吸干墨水。 2) 汲取;理解(知识等) She is a good student and absorbs new ideas quickly.她是一个好学生,吸收新思想很快。 So many good ideas! It’s too much for me to absorb all at once.这么多好主意!太多了,很难一下完全吸收。 3) 使全神贯注;吸引(注意等) The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.老人全神贯注地读这本书。 4) 合并(公司等);吞并 Small businesses are absorbed by big ones. 小公司被大公司吞并了。 【搭配】 be absorbed in 全神贯注于……;热衷于…… absorb one’s attention = attract one’s attention 吸引某人注意 4. thus adv. 如此;这样 They told her to water the flowers every morning, and she did it thus. 他们吩咐她每天早晨浇花,她照办了。 He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program. 他忘了打开收音机,因此错过了那个节目。 conj. 因此;于是 It was already rather late, thus we decide to urge the customer. 已经相当晚了,所以我们决定催促客户。 He didn’t work hard. Thus he was fired. 他工作不努力,因此被解雇了。 注意:thus接非谓语动词当结果状语时要接现在分词,如:He didn’t study hard, thus failing in the exam.。而only接非谓语动词当结果状语时要接动词不定式,表示意外或不快,如:He intended to curry favour with her, only to ask for trouble. (他想讨好她,结果却是自找烦恼。) 二、 短语精析 1. all the way 自始至终;一直;一路上;从远道而来 All the way back, they talked about the persons and things that they could remember at school. 在回来的路上,他们一直在谈论他们所记得的读书时的人和事。 He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train. 他一路冲往车站,结果还是错过了火车。 【联想】 on one’s way to ...在某人去……途中 all the way从开始到现在, 自始至终 in one way or another以一种或另一种方式 in a way在某种程度上 in no way一点也不,决不lose one’s way迷路 find one’s way找到路 feel one’s way摸索着前进 push one’s way挤着前进 2. take advantage of 利用;欺骗;占……的便宜 I should like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my thanks for your help. 我很想利用这次机会来表达我对你帮助的感谢之情。
He took advantage of the good weather to go for a walk.他趁着天气好出去散散步。 He has always been taking advantage of me. 他老是占我的便宜。 3. a variety of各种各样的;种类繁多的 He is always finding a variety of excuses for his being late for class.他总能为他的迟到找到各种各样的借口。 Society is made up of a variety of people; some are good, others (are) bad, and still others (are) in between. 社会是由形形色色的人组成的。有些人很好,有些人很坏,也有些人介于两者之间。 4. contribute to捐献;有助于;促成;为……写稿 How much did you contribute to the relief fund?你向那个救济基金会捐了多少? Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. 诚实加苦干能让人成功和幸福。 She has been contributing to the paper for 5 years.五年以来,她一直在为那家报纸撰搞。 5. come up with赶上;想出,(主意、计划、回答等) We came up with a group of tourists.我们赶上了一群旅游者。 No one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs die out. 尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝做出一个令人信服的解释。 Edwards’s always chasing after rainbows and never come up with a really practical idea. 爱德华兹总是想入非非,从来提不出有真正实际价值的意见。 6. call in请求;收回;来访 Police have been called in to help find the missing child.已经请了警察帮着寻找这个失踪的小孩。 Has the boss called in today?老板今天来访了吗? 【拓展】 call at 访问某地call back 回电话;召回;取消;回忆 call for 需要;要求,呼吁;接(某人)call out 大声说出;下令出动 call up 给某人打电话;征召……入伍 call off 叫……走开;取消,撤销 call on / upon 短暂访问(某人)call on / upon sb. to do sth. = ask sb. to do 号召某人做某事 三、句式点睛 1. Water is actually quite simple, but the way the water molecule is formed gives water its unique properties. 水的构成实际上很简单,但是水分子的形成方式却赋予了它独特的性质。 句中的“the way the water molecule is formed”是由the way 作先行词而它在从句中当状语,在其后所跟的定语从句the water molecule is formed中,关系词that 或in which 被省略。当the way 作先行词,其后跟定语从句时,引导定语从句的关系词有三种情况:用that或in which 或不用关系词。试比较: This is the way (in which / that) he did that. 这就是他做那事的方法。(在从句中当状语) This is the way that / which is reasonable. 这就是那个很有道理的方式。(在从句中当主语) This is the way (that / which) he raised. 这就是他提出来的方法。(在从句中当宾语) What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.使我感到惊奇的不是他说了什么,而是他说话的方式。(在从句中当状语) 2. Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties, the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point.即使纯净水是赋予海水主要特性的物质,但海水的含盐量既影响其重量,也影响其沸点。 even though相当于even if,表示“即使”、“尽管”等意思,引导让步状语从句。此从句可放在句首,也可放在句尾。even though和even if中的 even是副词,用以强调后面的 though或if。例如: She won’t leave the TV set even though supper’s on the table.即使晚饭已经摆在桌上,她也不愿意离开电视。 Even though(if)you don’t like wine,try a glass of this. 尽管你不喜欢酒,这杯酒你还是要喝的。 I have decided to go there even though it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨,我也决定去那儿。 3. Water is a liquid at room temperature, but it turns into a solid when the temperature drops below 0°C and into a gas when heated above 100°C. 句中的“when heated above 100°C” 这是一个省略句,完整的从句应是:“when it is heated above 100°C”。当从句的主语与它前边或后边的句子里的主语一致而谓语又含动词be时,从句的主语和be的各种形式往往可以省略;而当省去的主语和其谓语间为被动关系时,常保留过去分词即可;如果省去的主语和其谓语是一种主动关系,则常保留现在分词。另外从句的主语跟主句的主语虽然不一致,但其主语是it,谓语是系表结构时,it和be也可省略。例如: When (water is) pure,water is a colorless liquid.水在纯净时,是种无色的液体。 Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something. 亨利向四周环顾,似乎在寻找什么。 She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.她尽管体弱,但学习十分努力。 When (I am) in trouble, I always turn to her for help.我困难时总是找她帮忙。 When (it is) necessary, you can help us to do something. 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。 5. This mixing of fresh and salt water creates a unique environment filled with life of all kinds—a zone between the land and the sea.淡水和咸水混合物创造了一个独特的环境,其中充满了各种生物,这是个陆地和海洋的过渡区。 句中的filled with life是过去分词短语作后置定语,它与 environment 之间是被动关系。当分词作定语时,如果它与所修饰的词之间是主动关系时,用现在分词形式做定语;如果它与所修饰的词之间是被动关系时,用过去分词形式作定语。例如: This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。 Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀? The girl singing for us is ten years old. 给我们唱歌的女孩十岁。
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