| 情态动词考点解析 |
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作者：甘 露 文章来源：中学生英语 点击数： 更新时间：2008-4-22 20:46:39  |
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。在学习中除了情态动词的常见用法外，我们还需重视情态动词表推测以及情态动词 + have done的用法。
一、 情态动词表推测
情态动词可以表示说话人对事情发生的可能性的推测，当情态动词表推测时在肯定句一般使用must, may / might, will, would, should, ought to； 否定句用can’t / couldn’t, may not / might not；疑问句用can / could。
1. 形式
例1： He must be very angry with you. 他一定很生你的气。
Mary can’t be at work now. I saw her having a tennis match just now. 玛莉不可能正在工作。我刚才还看到她参加网球比赛呢。
Can he be a doctor? 他可能是医生吗？
例2： He may / must be waiting for you. 他或许 / 一定是在等你。
Listen! They must be having an English class now. 听，他们肯定在上英语课。
例3： He must have finished his homework, because he always puts study first.他肯定完成作业了，因为他总是把学习放在第一位。
He may / must have known the result for he was upset.他可能 / 一定知道结果了，因为他有些心烦意乱。
例4： —When will they arrive?他们何时到达？
—They must arrive before three o’clock. 三点之前肯定能到。
I’m afraid he can’t arrive before three o’clock.我恐怕他三点前都到不了。
2． 情态动词表推测的用法辨析
(1) 在情态动词表示推测时，其可能性程度由大到小分别为must, could, may, might，而can’t 表示不可能。例如：
I didn’t find him at the office. He may / might / could be at home.我在办公室没找到他。他可能在家。
The light is on. He must be at home. 灯是亮着的。他一定在家。
It is nine o’clock now. He should be at home. 现在九点了，按理说他应该在家。
He would have gone through every room last night. 他昨晚很可能搜查过每一间房。
（2） can和may 表推测
两者在均表示“可能”时，may多用于肯定句中，can多用于否定句或疑问句。此时二者都可以用于肯定陈述句中，但其含义有所区别：can表示理论上的可能性，即表示某事可能发生，但未涉及实际发生的可能性；而may表示事实上的可能性，即发生某事的实际可能性。例如：
Anyone can be ill one day. 任何人都可能生病。
He may be ill today. He didn’t come to school today. 他可能生病了。他今天没有上学。
Fire can be dangerous.火会很危险。
According to what he said, he may come to our party tonight.根据他说的，他今晚可能会参加我们的聚会。
（3） will / would；should / ought to表示推测
will / would表示推测多用二、三人称，其中would比will的可能性小；should / ought to表示推测多用于肯定句中，表示推理“应该、会”。例如：
He will remember that you bought a pair of shoes in his shop. 他大概会记得你在他店里买过一双鞋。
You will have heard the news, I’m sure. 你很可能听说过这个消息，我敢肯定。
You should have apologized to her—you are to blame for the quarrel.你应该向她道歉——这次争吵都怪你。
They should have what you want.他们应该会有你要的东西。
二、 情态动词 + have done
例1： (1) He may have known the truth. 他也许已经知道事情的真相了。
（2）You might have called me earlier to inform me of your decision. 你可以早点打电话告诉我你的决定。
例2： （1） It can’t have rained yesterday, for the ground is dry.昨天不可能下雨了，因为地面是干的。
（2） If the driver had been careful, the car accident could have been avoided. 如果司机当心点，车祸是可以避免的。
例3： （1） He asked for a leave to go home an hour ago. So he should have arrived home. 他一小时前请假回家了，所以应该已经到家了。
（2） He is an honest student. He should have cheated in the exam. 他是个诚实的学生。他居然会在考试中作弊。
（3） You shouldn’t have quarrelled with her. After all, she is your teacher.你不该和她争吵，毕竟她是你的老师。
例4： （1） The boy would have been absent from school to surf the Internet at the Bar last night. 那男孩昨天很可能逃学去网吧上网了。
（2） Had I had time yesterday, I would have gone to your party.若我昨晚有空，我会去参加你们的聚会的。
例5： （1） He must have lied, because he was quite nervous when he was talking with the police.他一定撒谎了因为他和警察说话时很紧张。
（2） Anyone who applies for the position must have practiced for no less than five years.任何申请该职位的人必须具有不少于三年的工作经验。
例6： You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你不必浇花的，因为要下雨了。
三、 小试牛刀
请根据语境，选择最佳答案。
1． She’s two hours late. What__________ have happened?
A. mayB. can C. mustD. might
2. According to the weather forecast, it_________snow tonight.
A. must B. should C. may D. can
3． He___________ the lecture last night, otherwise he would remember it.
A. can’t have attended
B. mustn’t have attended
C. may have attended
D. could have attended
4. He was in trouble. You_________ him.
A. should warn B. should have warned
C. would warn D. would have warned
5. There was plenty of time. She _________.
A. couldn’t have hurried
B. wouldn’t have hurried
C. shouldn’t have hurried
D. needn’t have hurried
6. Tom set out very late in the morning, so he__________at the destination.
A. should arrive
B. oughtn’t to have arrived
C. may have arrived
D. should have arrived
7. As we know, she is such an intelligent and diligent girl. But she __________ the exam.
A. could have passed
B. can have passed
C. should have failed
D. must have passed
Keys: 1． B2. C3. A4. B5 D6. B7. C
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