| 被动语态与中考英语 |
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作者:许振铎 文章来源:中考英语 点击数: 更新时间:2008-4-18 10:34:43  |
在初中阶段,同学们学到的被动语态有以下几种: 一般现在时: am/ is /are +P.P. 一般过去时:was /were +P.P. 现在完成时:have/ has been+P.P. 现在进行时:am/ is/ are being +P.P. 含情态动词:情态动词+be +P.P. 大家可以通过一个口诀来加强记忆: 被动语态须注意,P.P.前面各种be。 am /is /are 表现在;was/were表过去; 现在完成have( has )been; 进行时态两个be, 前表时态后加-ing ; 情态动词后加be, 后接P.P.别忘记。 (注:P.P.=动词的过去分词) 下面我们通过一些题例来谈谈被动语态的中考热点(以下各题均选自近年来中考试题),请同学们先一试身手。 一、考查情态动词 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,这是中考命题的热点。 1.We must take care of our eyes. (改为被动语态) Our eyes must _______ _______ good care of. 2.-Must our classroom _______ every day? -Yes, it must. A.is cleaned B.clean C.be cleaned D.be cleaning 3.Rice must _______ at the right time. A. be harvested B. harvest C. be harvesting D. be harvest 二、考查主谓一致 被动语态“be+过去分词”中的be的单复数形式是由主语来决定的。 4.Tea ________ (grow) in southwest of China and India. 5.Sheep _______ by farmers for _______ wool and meat. A. are kept; produing B. kept; making C. keep; growing D. is kept; getting 三、考查复合结构 主动语态中,使役动词和感官动词后面的复合宾语中的动词不定式不带to。但变为被动语态时,则必须保留to。 6.They couldn’t make the cow go. (变为被动语态) The cow couldn’t _______ . 7. He was made to work 14 hours a day. (变为主动语态) They ______ him ________ 14 hours a day. 四、考查时态 被动语态的时态是通过be的变化来体现的,被动语态的时态判定与主动语态完全相同,其判定依据是:时间状语、时态呼应、语境等。 8.We speak English. (改为被动语态) English _____ ______by us. 9.Some new desks and chairs ________ in about ten days. A. are made B. will be made C. are making D. will made 10.The bridge over the river _________ three years ago. A. is finished B. finished C. was finished D. has finished 11.—Where ______ the machines _______ ? Do you know? —In India. A.is; made B.are ; made C.have; made D.do; made 五、考查短语动词中的介词 12.The old men and the children _______ in our country. A. must take good care B. must be taken good care C. must be taken good care of D. must take good care of [答案及简析] 1.be taken (此句中含有情态动词must,我们根据“情态动词+be +P.P.” 即可得出答案。) 2.C 3.A (这两题都含有情态动词must,根据情态动词的被动语态结构,可得出答案。) 4.is grown (本题里主语tea是不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。) 5.A (sheep的单复数形式相同,这里用作复数形式,表示“绵羊”这一类动物。) 6.The cow couldn’t be made to go. (the cow go在句中作make的复合宾语。一般情况下,变被动语态后,宾语补足语的结构形式,所处的位置原封不动的保存下来。但make/ have /let / see /watch / hear等后省去的to应还原回来。) 7.made; work (原句中的主补“to work ”在变为主动语态的宾补时应省略“to”) 8.is spoken (此句为一般现在时,变被动语态时时态不变。) 9.B (由时间状语“in about ten days”判定应用一般将来时。) 10.C(此题考查一般过去时的被动语态,由时间状语“three years ago”得出答案。) 11.B(此题考查一般现在时的被动语态,主语machines是复数,可判定答案。 ) 12.C(短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,应作为一个词来看待,变为被动语态后,介词of不能丢。)
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