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状语从句在句中主要表示时间、条件、目的、结果、比较、原因、让步、方式、地点等。 学生应当熟练掌握这一语法内容。现结合近年高考题详解如下(斜体选项为正确答案)。 一、时间状语从句 (一)由after(在……之后)引导的时间状语从句,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。 如: 1. He became a teacher after he graduated from the university. 2. After she leaves we will go to the concert. (二)由before引导的时间状语从句,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前,意为“在……之前”。如: 1. Several weeks had gone by ____ I realized the painting was missing. A. asB. beforeC. sinceD. when(04全国) 2. It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. thatB. untilC. sinceD. before (04天津) (三)由as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment等引导的时间状语从句,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后,意为“一……就”。如: 1. The boys were quiet as soon as their teacher came in. 2. She telephoned her family instantly/ immediately/directly she got off the plane. 3. —Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? —Yes, I gave it to her ____ I saw her. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenly D. once (01春全国) 另外,在表示“一/刚……就”的“hardly / scarcely...when/before”和“no sooner...than”(通常主句用过去完成时,从句用过去时)的搭配中也含时间状语从句。如: 1. Hardly/scarcely had he begun to speak when/before he was told to stop. 2. The engineers had no sooner returned home than they were sent to another country. (四)由until引导的时间状语从句,意为“在 ……以前;不到……不;直到……为止(与否定词连用)”。如: 1. He didn’t give up smoking until he lost his health. 2. We were told that we should follow the main road ____ we reached the central railway station. A. wheneverB. until C. whileD. wherever (04辽宁) (五)由since引导的时间状语从句,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后,意为“从……以来”,“从……时候(到现在)”。如: 1. Kate has never called on us since she moved to the country. 2. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since (05安徽) (六)由when(当……时, 就在这时……)引导的时间状语从句,表示主句的动作/状态与从句的动作/状态先后或同时发生/存在。如: 1. He transplanted the little tree to the garden ____ it was the best time for it. A. whereB. whenC. thatD. until (05上海) 2. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. A. whenB. whileC. sinceD. once (04上海) (七)由while(当……的时候,和……同时)引导的时间状语从句,表示主、从句的动作同时进行。从句中需用延续性动词;主、从句的主语一致时,从句的主语及be常可省略。如: 1. While his sister was washing clothes, he was writing to his girlfriend in English. 2. Mrs Baker came to visit Amy while she was out. 3. While (we were) watching television, we heard the doorbell ring. (八)由as引导的时间状语从句,表示主、从句的动作同时发生/进行/发展变化或主句的动作发生于从句的动作过程中, 意为“当……的时候”,“在…… 期间”,“一边……一边”等。 如: 1. The girls sang as they walked. 2. As I get older I get more optimistic. (九)由every time(每次),the first/ last/next time(第一/上/下次),the day/month/year(那天/月/年)等引导。如: 1. Every time he sees Maria, he is overcome with her beauty 2. I thought her nice and honest ____ I met her. A. first timeB. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time (98上海) (十)由once(一旦,一……就)引导。如: _____ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover. A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once (06江苏) 注意: 1. 表示主从句动作的同时性时when, as, while的主要区别: (1) when, as可与非延续性动词连用,表示两个短暂的动作(某事一发生,另一事立即发生), while则不能。如: He arrived just as /when we stepped into a taxi. (2) when, while可表示状态;as则不能。如: I lived in a hostel while/when I was a student. (3) 叙述两件事情同时进行,多用while(从句多用过去进行时态)。如: He was listening to pop music while we were playing cards. (4) 表示一动作发生于另一动作过程之中时,while, when, as可互换使用,但while最常用。如: She knocked at the door while/when /as I was typing a letter. (5) when在主从句中位置大多可互换。如: When I got home, my wife was mopping the floor. =When my wife was mopping the floor, I got home. 2. since与before都可用于“it +be +since/before从句”句型。 (1)since意为“自从……以来”,主、从句的时态关系为“It is/has been some time since sb. did sth.”和“It was some time since sb. had done sth.”。如: It is /has been more than twenty years since she moved to Shanghai. It was a long time since we had met last. (2)before用于肯定句时,作“(过多久)才”解;用于否定句时,作“(不多久)就”解。表示将来、过去和过去将来意义时,相应的句型分别用“It will (not) be some time before sb. does sth.”,“It was (not) some time before sb. did sth.”和“It would (not) be some time before sb. did/would do sth.”。如: It will (not) be long before you understand each other. It was (not) a week before they knew what was wrong with their plan. It would (not) be months before he was fit for the work. 二、条件状语从句 主要由if, unless, as /so long as(只要),in case(万一/假使),suppose/supposing, given that, on condition that(条件是……), provided (that) 等引导。如: 1. He was allowed to borrow the computer on condition that he must handle it with care. 2. The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though(00全国) 3. ____ you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre. A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless (04 全国II) 注意:时间和条件状语从句的时态运用 主句表示一般将来意义时,时间状语从句(as, while, since句除外)和条件状语从句应用一般现在时;如果强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前,从句可用现在完成时。主要用于以下情况: ①主句是一般将来时时 I will write more books when I have enough time. She will marry him if he loves her. ②主句是祈使句时 Come to play chess if you are free. Don’t touch the instruments unless the teacher allows you. ③主句谓语中含有情态动词时 He has to look after his young daughter if his wife is not in. When you don’t know a word, you may consult a dictionary. ④主句谓语中含有want/hope时 What do you want to do when you grow up? I hope to study abroad if I have the chance. 但,主句是过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 She said that she would visit Hong Kong if she had enough money. 三、地点状语从句 常由where, wherever等引导。如: 1. Wherever the murderer hides, the police will find him out. 2. She found her calculator ____ she lost it. A.where B. when C. is which D. that (00上海)
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