| 【高考】现在分词考点扫描 |
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作者:张彦军 文章来源:高中英语 点击数: 更新时间:2008-4-13 15:25:23  |
现在分词是非谓语动词的一种重要形式,也是高考考查的热点。分析近几年的高考试题,笔者发现命题人主要从以下四个方面对现在分词进行考查。 考点一、现在分词的各种形式 现在分词有一般式、完成式和被动式。一般式是doing,被动式是being done;完成式是havingdone,被动式是having been done。完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,被动式表示一个正在进行的被动动作。表否定时not应置于分词之前。例如: 1.Having finished his homework,Tom wentout to play.做完了家庭作业以后,汤姆就出去玩了。 2.Not seeing my brother.I asked my motherwhere he was.由于没有见到我弟弟,我便问妈妈他在哪里。 3.Not having done it right.I tried again.事情没有做好,我就又尝试了一次。 4.Do you know the boy being questioned bythe police?你认识那个正在被警察盘问的男孩吗? [试题回放] 1.Daddy didn't mind what we were doing.as long as we were together,______fun. A.had B.have C.to have D.having (2005重庆) 解析:从句中的have fun和谓语动词were是在同一时间出现的状态,因此空白处应该用现在分词的一般式,故答案为D。 2._______from other continents for millionsof years,Australia has many plants and animals notfound in any other country in the world. A.Being separated B.Having separated C.Having been separated D.To be separated (2005湖北) 解析:此题题意为:因为澳大利亚已经和其他大陆分离了数百万年,所以它有许多种在世界上其他国家找不到的动植物。从时间状语formillions of years看,澳大利亚是被“分离”出来数百万年,因此答案应选C。此句中的现在分词短语相当于原因状语从句“As it has beenseparated from other continents for millions ofyear”。 3.______his letter,I decided to write to myfather again. A.Not having received B.Not receiving C.Having not received D.Receiving not (NMET1992) 解析:此题题意为:因为我没有收到我父亲的信,所以我决定再给他写一封。从时间上看,“没有收到父亲的来信”在先,“再给他写信”在后,因此应首先排除B和D两项。现在分词完成式的否定式是在其前加not,这样又可排除C项。因此答案为A。 考点二、现在分词的定语功能 1.单个的现在分词作定语时,一般应将其放在被修饰的名词之前;现在分词短语作定语时,一般应将其放在被修饰的名词之后。例如: (1)The exciting news made us very happy.这个令人兴奋的消息使我们很高兴。 (2)A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。 2.现在分词的完成式一般不宜作后置定语。表示完成意义时,可以在名词后面用定语从句。例如: [误]Do you know the boy having broken theglass? [正]Do you know the boy who has brokenthe glass? [试题回放] Mr.Smith,whowas_____ofthe_______speech,started to read a novel. A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring (2003北京春) 解析:“感到厌倦的(tired)”是Smith;“令人乏味的(boring)”是speech(讲话)。故答案为A。 考点三、现在分词的表语功能 现在分词作表语时,相当于一个形容词,用来说明主语的性质、特征等。有些现在分词在使用过程中已完全转化成形容词,其中常见的有:worrying,tiring,surprising,shocking,satisfying,pleasing,interesting,inspiring,frightening,exciting,encouraging,boring,terrifying等。例如: 1.Your exam marks are rather disappoitlting;I had expected you to do better.你的考试成绩着实令人失望,我本来指望你会考得好一些的。 2.This wine is most pleasing to the taste.这种酒的味道美极了。 3.The present situation is terrifying.目前的局势令人恐怖。 [试题回放] 1.It is believed that if a book is_______,itwill surely________the reader. A.interested;interest B.interesting.interested C.interested;interesting D.interesting;interest 解析:interesting是形容词,意为“令人感兴趣的”,令人感兴趣的可以是人,也可以是物;interest是动词,意为“使……感兴趣”。一个人可以“使别人感兴趣”,一个物也可以“使人感兴趣”。故答案为D。 2.The university students felt the least desireto go to bed because they were very______after they had watched the______football game. A.excited;excited B.exciting;excited C.exciting;exciting D.excited;exciting 解析:excited一般指人“感到激动”;而exciting指某物时意思是“令人激动的”。故答案为D。 考点四、现在分词的状语功能 1.现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常应与句子的主语一致,但有些现在分词短语用来表示说话人对所述内容持有的态度和看法,这时,现在分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这样的现在分词短语有:generally speaking(一般来说),judging from(从……来判断),considering(考虑到……),talking of(说到……)。例如: (1)Generally speaking,parents care more abouttheir children's health than about their own.一般来说,父母关心孩子的健康胜过关心自己的。 (2)Considering his inexperience,he did agood job.考虑到他缺乏经验,他干得很不错。 (3)Judging from his appearance,heis afarmer.从外表看,他是个农民。 2.现在分词作状语时,可表示原因、时间、条件、结果、伴随情况和方式等等。例如: (1)He went out,shutting the door behind him.他出去时随手将门关上了。(表伴随状况) (2)Being sick,I am often absent from class.我经常因病缺课。(表原因) (3)Sit down,Emma.You will only makeyourself more tired,keeping on your feet.坐下吧,埃玛,你老站着,那会使你更累。(表条件) 3.现在分词和动词不定式都可以在句中作结果状语。二者之间的区别是:现在分词一般表示符合逻辑的、必然出现的结果,而动词不定式常常表示出乎意料的、偶然出现的结果。例如: (1)The child fell,striking his head againstthe door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒,头撞在门上磕破了。 (2)I hurried to the airport only to find theplane had taken off.我匆忙赶到机场,发现飞机已经起飞了。 [试题回放] 1.The storm left,_____a lot of damage tothis arlea. A.caused B.tO have caused C.to cause D.having caused (NMET 2005) 解析:having caused a lot of damage to thisarea在句中作结果状语,相当于After n had donea lot of damage to this area。也就是说,“暴风雨”先造成巨大损害,然后离开这个地区,应用现在分词的完成式。故答案为D。 2.Oil prices have risen by 32%since the startof this year,_______a record US$57.65 a barrel onApril 4. A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaclhing (2005山东) 解析:从上下`文的意义看,逗号以后的部分表示的是可以预测的结果。因此,答案为B。 3.While watching television______ A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard doorbell rings (NMET 2005) 解析:watching television的逻辑主语是we,所以应首先排除A和B两项。在感官动词heard后面的宾语补足语为不带to的动词不定式,D项中误用了rings。因此,答案为C。
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