| 某些动词短语的“逆向”用法 |
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作者：邹光启 文章来源：英语知识 点击数： 更新时间：2008-4-6 16:17:38  |
对于结构为“动词+宾语+介词+介词宾语” 之类的动词短语，诸如“make use of something, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing something”等等, 相信绝大部分学生都很熟悉它们的常规用法。 所谓“常规”用法就是把此类短语中的介词之前(包括介词)部分看作固定不变的整体，进行变化的只是介词后面的部分。如：
1) He made use of waste plastic in this article of handiwork.
2) You can make use of your dictionary when doing this spelling exercise.
3) Did you have any difficulty in getting to the top of the hill yesterday?
4) He was sure to have great difficulty giving up smoking.
但是，在下面这样的题目面前有的学生可能会感到无从下手。比如，
1) The ___ that our body makes ___ food lies mainly in our digestion.
A. advantage; of
B. use; in
C. use; of
D. advantage; over
2) Thank you for all the trouble you ___ my baby yesterday.
A. had to look after
B. had looking after
C. had looked after
D. have had looked after
正确答案分别是1)C和2)B。在上面两个题目中, 我们发现对此类动词短语的考查角度共有一个显著特点，即，不把介词及其以前的部分看作固定不变的整体，而是恰恰就把考查重点放在了我们本以为是整体的那一部分；并且，考查的方式是把该动词短语中的动词宾语前置为先行词，其余部分作为一个定语从句。这样，就把此类短语的考查放在一个比较复杂的句子结构里。本文就把对此类短语的这种“反常规” 用法称作“逆向”用法。请继续看如下例子：
3) We appreciate ___ you ___ in organizing this contest.
A. a part; took B. a part; played
C. the part; took D. the part; played
4) Don’t you realize the damage these chem-icals ___ our environment?
A. are doing to B. is resulting in
C. are making for D. is leading to
5) He is doing research into the adverse effect that modern farming methods may ___ the en-vironment.
A. make B. have on
C. bring on D. damage
6) Finally, they agreed on the date he ___ the next meeting.
A. set about B. set out
C. set off D. set for
7)I think the ___ you ___ her was too much.
A. jokes; played on
B. role; played in
C. joke; played on
D. part; played in
8) He was cited for the great contributions he ___ promoting awareness of environmental issues.
A. was B. had made towards
C. had been D. made in
以上6题分别用到这样几个此类动词短语: play a part in doing sth.; do damage to sth.; have an effect on sth.; set a date for sth.; play a joke on sb.; make contributions towards doing sth.。正确答案是: 3) D4) A5) B6) D7) C8) B
具有这种“逆向”用法的类似的动词短语还有很多，比如，do harm to; pay attention to; set a record for sth.; take pains to do sth/ over/with sth.; take trouble over/with sth; take trouble doing sth; take a picture/photo of sb. sth.。
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