| 英语动词时态讲练 |
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作者：倪 虹 文章来源：英语知识 点击数： 更新时间：2008-4-6 16:07:39  |
动词时态是历年高考测试的重点和热点, 也是学生失分比较严重的题目。要做好时态题, 关键在于判定动作发生的时间。时间判定依据有两种：一是根据题干提供的明确的时间状语;二是根据具体语境中提供的“信息时间”。本文主要结合2007年高考题，对动词时态这一考点进行研析，希望能帮助同学们走进高考时态题，揭开其秘密，认识到真实的命题立意，达到正确解题。
一、 时态与时间
各种时态都受时间和语言环境的制约。如果题干中有标志性的时间状语，则根据时间状语选择相应的时态。此类题难度较低。
例1.They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years.
A. didn’t speak B. hadn’tspoken
C. haven’t spokenD. haven’t been speaking
（安徽卷）
分析：They became friends again that day中有时间状语that day, Until then即Until that day, “过去的过去”，故用过去完成时，答案是B.
例2.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _____ in the past years.
A. discovered B. had been discovered
C. have discovered D. have been discovered
（上海卷） 分析：句中有时间状语in the past years，现在完成时的时间状语标志；再根据语态，知答案为D.
解题对策：做题时要慧眼识出时间状语的标志词,并结合具体的语境，选择正确时态。注意要熟练掌握基本时态的时间状语。
二、语境与时态
近年来，高考试题对时态题考查要求更高。 试题中不出现时间状语，考生应仔细体会语境,找出信息词，确定行为动作发生的时间，判断时态。
① 特殊句式或固定搭配
例1. 桯ow can I apply for an online course?
桱ust fill out this form and we ____ what we can do for you.
A. see B. are seeing
C. have seen D. will see(北京卷）
分析：此题考查特殊句式。祈使句＋and/or﹢陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。所以答案是D。
例2.They ____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
A. had got B. got
C. have got D. get （山东卷）
分析：由句意可知前半句是事实，后半句表示的是虚拟语气，由they’dneverhavebeen able... 知对过去的虚拟，所以答案是B。
解题对策：应牢记对时态有特殊要求的固定句式或结构。如hardly/ rarely...when, No sooner...than, It is the first/second/...time that..., etc.。
② 主从时态一致性
例1.The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.
A. has arrived B. arrived
C. had arrived D. arrive （浙江卷）
分析：主句用了过去完成时，那么when引导的从句应用一般过去时，答案选B.
例2. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.
A. has been reached B. had been reached
C. has reached D. has reached
（江苏卷）
分析：由句意知“在宣布之前协议就已达成”，动作发生在过去的过去，故这个主语从句应用过去完成时，再结合语态知答案为B。
解题对策：做题时，应注意复合句的主从句动词时态在形式和意义上要一致。此类题常放在具体语境中考查。解题时还要注意几点：①在时间、条件等状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时；② 在宾语从句中，若主句用现在时，从句可用任何时态；若主句用过去时，从句须用合适的过去某种时态。但表示客观真理时仍用一般现在时。
③ 语境和句意
1. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?
—I____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to B. didn’t
C. was going to D. wouldn’t
（全国卷Ⅱ）
分析：第二句句意应是“我正要去，但就在这时我突然记起我还有作业要做”，因此用过去将来时，答案选C。
2. Danny _____ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A. works B. is working
C. has worked D. worked
分析：根据句意“为了实现梦想，Danny努力了很长时间，现在终于很受欢迎”，可知此动作发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时，答案为C。
3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.
—Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _____ of my friends back home.
A. have just thought B. was just thinking
C. would just think D. will just be thinking
（全国卷Ⅱ)
分析：根据语境知就在那时（说话之前）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。答案为B。
解题对策：准确理解句意和语境，有助于更深层地理解说话人的言外之意，捕捉到有关时间信息，练习（以下均为高考真题)：
1. The flowers were so lovely that they ____ in no time.
A. sold B. had been sold
C. were sold D. would sell
2. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
—Oh, don’t mention it. I ____ past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will come
C. had come D. have come
3. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____in science and technology.
A. has discovered B.had been discovered
C. had discovered D. has been discovered
4. —Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.
—___? That’s his third one in just one month.
A. Had he B. Did he C. Does heD. Has he
5. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.
—Impossible. She ____ TV with me in my home then.
A. watched B. had watched
C. would watch D. was watching
6. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshineschool where she ____ English for a year.
A. studies B. studied
C. is studying D. has been studying
7. —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You _____ in front of that computer too long.
A. work B. are working
C. have been working D. worked
8. —Ouch! you hurt me!
—I am sorry. But I ____ any harm. I ____ to drive a rat out.
A. didn’t mean,tried
B. don’t mean, am trying
C. haven’t meant, tried
D. didn’t mean, was trying
9. —Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
—Yes,he did.He _____ his old friends for a long time.
A. didn’tsee B. wouldn’t see
C. hasn’t seen D. hadn’t seen
Key:1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B5. D 6. D
7. C 8. D9. D
（通讯地址：246740安徽省枞阳县会宫中学确定时态。
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