| 句子种类 |
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作者:李建高 文章来源:《初中生世界》 点击数: 更新时间:2008-4-1 20:22:12  |
句子是由词语按语法规则构成的,它表达一个完整独立的意思。句子通常按说话目的分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。请欣赏: 景点一:陈述句(Statements) 陈述句用来陈述事实或表达某种观点、看法或意见等。它一般分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。例如: There’s a map of China on the wall. 墙上有一张中国地图。 I don’t think he’s clever. 我认为他并不聪明。 景点二:疑问句(Questions) 疑问句用来询问或提出疑问。它通常分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 1. 一般疑问句:以系动词be、助动词或情态动词开头,用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句是一般疑问句。例如: —Have you finished your work yet? 你把活干完了吗? —Yes, I have. 是的,干完了。 —Are you free tomorrow? 明天你有空吗? —No, I’m not. I have lots of something to do. 没有。我有许多事情要做。 2. 特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,紧随其后的多是一般疑问句的问句是特殊疑问句。当主语是疑问词或被疑问词所修饰时,特殊疑问句的句式则和陈述句句式相同。例如: When did you go for vacation last summer? 去年夏天你们去哪儿度假了? How do you think of the TV play? 你觉得这部电视剧怎么样? Who opened the door?谁开的门? 3. 选择疑问句:说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,由对方加以选择并作出回答的疑问句是选择疑问句。例如: —Is your mother in the shop or at home? 你妈妈在商店还是在家里? —At home. 在家里。 —Which would you like best, tea, milk or orange juice? 茶、牛奶和橙汁,你想要哪一种? —Orange juice. 橙汁。 4. 反意疑问句:陈述句对某一事实或观点作肯定、否定陈述,附加问句提出疑问,或起证实、反证作用,这类疑问句称为反意疑问句。对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就要用“yes+肯定结构”来回答;如果事实是否定的,就要用“no+否定结构”来回答,前后要一致。例如: — You didn’t go to the cinema last night, did you? 昨晚你没去看电视,对吗? — Yes, I did. 不,我去看了。 (— No, I didn’t. 是的,我没去。) 景点三:祈使句(Imperatives) 祈使句主要用来向对方提出请求、忠告,发出命令、吩咐或号召等。祈使句多以动词原形开头,其否定形式则是在动词原形前面加上don’t。例如: Be quiet, boys and girls! 孩子们,安静! Let’s go home now. 咱们现在回家吧。 Don’t be late for school next time! 下次上学别迟到! 景点四:感叹句(Exclamations) 感叹句通常用来表示喜悦、惊奇、气愤等强烈的感情。感叹句一般由what或how引起。what用来修饰名词,how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。例如: What a hot day it is! 多热的天啊! How fast the boy is running! 那个男孩跑得多快啊! 口语中,我们常用省略句来表达感叹意义。其中有一些由what或how引起,有一些仅是一个单词或短语。例如: What an idea! 多好的主意啊! Luckily! 真走运! Happy birthday to you! 祝您生日快乐! [练一练] 选择最佳答案 1. _____ nice girl Kate is! A. How B. What C. What an D. What a 2. —_____ is it from your school to the bus stop? —About 100 metres. A. How longB. How far C. How soonD. How much 3. —Is she really very ill? —_____. She’s in hospital. A. I hope so B. I’m sure C. I don’t think so D. I’m afraid so 4. —Lindahadnothingfor breakfast this morning, _____? —No. She got up too late. A. had she B. hadn’t she C. did sheD. didn’t she 5. Mother told her son _____ in the street. A. not play B. to not play C. doesn’t playD. not to play 6. Let’s donate some clothes to the poor, _____? A. will weB. shall we C. won’t weD. shan’t we 7. Please _____ . They are having a meeting now. A. be quiet B. not be so noisy C. mustn’t talk D. no speaking 8. —What would you like, coffee or ice cream? —_____. I’d like some tea. A. Both B. Neither C. Yes, I love to D. No, I wouldn’t 9._____ interesting the film is! A. What anB. How an C. How D. What 10. —_____ ? —I’m looking for a present for my daughter. A. Can you help me B. What can I do for you C. What do you want D. How much is the present
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