| 掌握“五变化”突破两引语 |
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作者:李 勇 文章来源:初中生世界 点击数: 更新时间:2008-4-1 20:09:37  |
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直接引语,就是直接引用某人所说的话,加引号表示;间接引语,就是转述他人的话语,不加引号。例如: ①He said,“I am a student.”(直接引语) ②He said that he was a student.(间接引语) 直接引语和间接引语之间的转化是现行教材中的重点,也是同学们学习时的难点。如果同学们掌握了将直接引语转变为间接引语的“五变”规则,那么突破这个难点就很轻松了。 一、连接词的变化 ③She said.“I arn very happy tohelp you.”→She said (that)she wasvery happy to help you. ④“Do you like playing fiotball?”he asked.→He asked if/whether I likedplaying football. ⑤My sister asked me.“How do youlike the film?”→My sister asked mehow I liked the film. 在以上句子中,直接引语变间接引语时若直接引语为陈述句,连接词用that,且可以省略,如③;若直接引讲为一般疑问句,连接词用if/whether,且不可以省略,如④;若直接引语为特殊疑问句,连接词用相应的疑问词(常见的有where,when,who,which.what和how等),且不可以省略,如⑤。值得注意的是直接引语变间接引语后必须是陈述句语序。 二、人称的变化 在例③、④、⑤中,我们会发现明显的人称变化,其原则就是使改写后的句子在逻辑意义上通顺。 三、时态的变化 例③、④、⑤中,变为间接引语后直接引语部分的时态分别作了降格处理,即往前推一个时态,一般现在时变成了一般过去时。但应注意,若直接引语中叙述的是科学真理、客观事实、格言等,变为间接引语时,时态无须变化。例如: ⑥The teacher said,“Light travelsmuch faster than sound.”→The teachersaid light travels much faster than sound. 四、动词的变化 ⑦He said to me,“I’m sixteen yearsold.”→He told me he was sixteen yearsold. ⑧“Don’t make any noise,”theteacher said t0 the students.→Theteacher asked the students not/never tomake any noise. 直接引语部分是祈使句,变为间接引语时,其主句谓语动词said to可变为asked、told等动词,如例⑦;如直接引语是否定祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将原句中的don’t改为not,如例⑧。另外,如直接引语部分的谓语动词是come,在变为间接引语时要改为go。例如: ⑨Mr.Lu said,“I’ll come here ontime.”→Mr.Lu said he would go thereon time. 五、状语的变化 ⑩“What did you come here foryesterday?”the boss said to the youngman.→The boss asked the young manwhat he had gone there for the daybetore. 直接引语变为间接引语时,时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如:now→then,today→that day,yesterday→the day before,last year→the year before,ago→before,here→there等。 另外要注意的是,指示代词也应作相应的变化,如:this→that,these→those等。 以上讲解你都掌握了吗?你能把以下直接引语变为间接引语吗? 1.They told their son.“The earthgoes around the sun.” They told their son____________. 2.He said.“I haven’t seen hertoday.” He said__________. 3.He asked Simon.“Where did yougo?” He asked Simon__________. 4.She said to me.“Have dinner withUS.” She__________. 5.Amy asked Lily,“Are you havingyour breakfast now?” Amv asked Lily__________. Keys: 1.(that)the earth goes around thesun 2.(that)he hadn’t seen her thatday 3.where he went 4.asked me t0have dinner with them 5.whether shewas having her breakfast then
掌握“五变化”突破两引语|中考英语
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