| 高二英语难点句子讲解 |
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作者:崔 宇 文章来源:网路 点击数: 更新时间:2008-3-14 20:04:17  |
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1. While still a student, she played roles in many plays. (1)While still a student 相当于 While she was still a student。在英语中有些表示时间、条件、方式或让步等的从句,有时可省略一些成分:如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句的主语是it),而且从句谓语中又包含be,那么这个主语和be动词都可省略。例如: Don’t talk while (you are) eating. 在(你们)吃饭的时候不要讲话。 When (he was) asked how he gained first place, he suddenly became cheerful. 当(他)被问及怎样获得第一名时,他马上变得很兴奋。 Although (it was) sold by a German company for the first time in 1899, aspirin has been around much longer than that. 尽管(它)在1899年时,才第一次被一家德国公司出售,但是阿司匹林已经应用得非常广泛了。 (2)take/play the role of…意为“扮演……的角色”。例如: He’ll play/take the role of the doctor in my latest drama. 他将在我最新的戏里扮演医生。 另外,play a role in…还可表示“在……方面起作用”,由于表达的需要,可以在role前加上一个形容词,其中role可以由part替代,但role和part不可用复数形式。例如: The UN plays an important role/part in international relations. 联合国在国际关系方面起着重要的作用。 Helen wished to play the leading role. 海伦想当领衔主演。 2. After graduating, she went to New York, where she started working as an actress and won the Theater World Award for her role in a play. (1)After graduating 相当于After she graduated在句中作状语,表示时间。介词后的非谓语要用v.-ing形式。例如: Before starting the machine, let’s read the introduction first. 在启动机器前,我们先读一下说明。 (2)…where she started working as…是非限制性定语从句,补充说明先行词New York。 (3)work as 表示“做……,担任……(职业)”。 Before he became a scientist, he worked as a teacher. 成为科学家之前,他是一个老师。 (4)win的用法: ①用作不及物动词,意思是“胜,获胜,得胜,成功,达到”。与succeed同义,与fail相反。 In the competition, we won. 在比赛中,我们胜利了。 ②用作及物动词,意思是“获得,博得”。 He won the Nobel Prize for physics. 他获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。 ③我们赢了他们。不能说“We won them.”,而应说“We beat them.”。因为win的宾语不是竞争对手,而是比赛、战斗、奖品等。 相关链接: win, beat 与defeat(赢,战胜): (1)win后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、钱,还可接表示爱、尊重、好意等的词。 (2)beat, defeat后面接比赛、辩论或战争的对手的词,但在战争中击败对手多用defeat。 3. During the 1980s and 1990s she won many more prizes while playing in famous films such as… (1)the 1980s and 1990s指20世纪80年代和90年代,年代表达法通常是在基数词后加s,例如19世纪70年代,the 1870s, 读作the eighteen seventies,也可表达为the 1870’s,定冠词通常不能省略。例如: In the 1990s, he often went abroad. 在20世纪90年代,他常常出国。 (2)句中while playing…作状语,playing是现在分词。“while+v.-ing形式”表示“在做什么的时候”。事实上是省略了主语she及系动词was,这种形式的省略主从句的主语必须一致。例如: How do you feel while standing on your head? 倒立时,你的感觉如何呢? (3)such as…表示“诸如……之类”,通常用来列举。例如: Many of the programmes are well received, such as Follow Me. 许多节目,如《跟我学》,收效很好。 4. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. (1)本句包含一个定语从句和一个表语从句,定语从句的先行词是reason,引导词是why;表语从句由that引导,that引导名词性从句时通常不充当句子成分、不表示任何意义。例如: That he was late made me very angry. 他迟到了,让我很生气。(主语从句) (2)句中“The reason why (或for sth./doing sth.)…is/was that…”是一个句型,表示“之所以……是因为……”,be动词后面的表语从句是由that引导的,陈述reason的内容。例如: The reason why I was late was that I was caught in a traffic jam. 我之所以迟到,是因为我遇到了堵车。 5. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. (1)此句中的when用作连词,意思是“每当……(就……)”,when也可以作并列连词,意为“此时,这时候”,相当于at the moment。例如: She was cooking when the door bell rang. 她正在做饭,这时门铃响了。 (2)be afraid to do…与be afraid of doing… ①be afraid to do…意思是“不敢做……,害怕做……”,表示因害怕而不敢做某事。 ②be afraid of doing…意思是“担心做……”,表示担心某事可能发生。例如: He is afraid to go alone in the dark. 他不敢一个人在黑暗中行走。 He is afraid of falling into the swimming pool. 他担心掉进游泳池里。 6. Many people like this film not just because the story itself is moving, but also because most of the people in the film use their real names and play themselves. (1)not just(only)…but also…是并列连词,意思是“不但……而且……”,连接两个相同成分,也可连接两个分句。当连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致。例如: Not only you but also I am a teacher. 不仅你而且我也是一名老师。 (2)not only…but also…连接两个并列分句时,如果not only置于句首,通常用倒装结构,也就是说,把not only引导的分句中的助动词或be动词提到主语前面。例如: Not only does he work hard, but he is also very clever. 他不仅学习认真,而且很聪明。 Not only is she our English teacher, but she is also our good friend. 她不但是我们的英语老师,还是我们的好朋友。 7. Beside your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glasses—onefor white wine, one for red wine, and one for water. one的用法:替代词one(ones)用来代替前文所出现的名词,以避免重复,使用时应注意以下几点: (1)one(ones)只能代替可数名词。例如: ——Which girl is your sister?哪个女孩是你妹妹? ——The one in red. 穿红衣服的那个。 (2)ones代替复数名词,但ones不能单独使用,其前面必须有形容词修饰。例如: The new computers are much faster than the old ones. 这些新型计算机比那些旧的快得多。 I prefer these big apples to those small ones. 比起那些小苹果,我更喜欢这些大的。 (3)one前用a或an时,其前也要有形容词修饰。 ——Do you have a bike?你有一辆自行车吗? ——Yes, I have a nice one./Yes, I have one. 是的,我有一辆很漂亮的自行车。/是的,我有自行车。 (4)one(ones)不用在名词所有格或物主代词后面。例如: There is no ink in your pen; use mine. 你的钢笔没水了,用我的吧。(不能用 my one) This is my cup and that is Jim’s. 这是我的杯子,那是吉姆的。(不能说Jim’s one) 8. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don’t take more food than you need. 句中it是形式主语,这种句子结构有: (1)It is/was+adj.+to do sth. It was wonderful to travel in that great forest. 在那座大森林里旅行,真是太美了。 (2)此句型还可表示为It is/was+adj.+for sb. to do sth./of sb. to do sth.句中for sb. to do sth./of sb. to do sth.是不定式的复合结构,当前面的形容词是反映人的品行、性格的形容词时,结构中的介词用of,可与句中的sb.构成“主系表”结构,这类形容词常见的有brave, careful, careless, nice, good, stupid, polite, foolish, kind等等。例如: It is stupid of him to make such a mistake. 犯如此低级的错误,他真傻。(He is stupid.) It’s kind of you to say so. 你这样说,真是太好了。(You are kind.) (3)It is/was…that/who…用于强调结构。例如: It was Tom who broke the glass. 是汤姆摔坏了玻璃杯。 (4)除作形式主语外,it还可以作形式宾语。例如: Most students think it difficult to learn English well. 大多数学生认为学好英语很难。 I like it in autumn when the wind is cool and the sky is blue. 秋天的风凉凉的,天蓝蓝的,我喜欢。 9. At table, you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot,but do not laugh all the time. (1)at table意思是“就餐,吃饭”,而at the(a) table表示“在桌子旁”。例如: He sat at the table, reading a novel. 他坐在桌子旁,看小说。 It is bad manners to blow your nose at table. 进餐时擤鼻子是很不雅观的举止。 (2)all the time的意思是“始终, 一直”。例如: The baby cried all the time. 婴儿哭个不停。 相关链接: from time to time时而,不时地 time and(time)again一再 at this time of在任何时候,经常 kill time消遣 key time with与……合上拍 10. When drinking to someone’s health, you raise your glasses,but the glasses should not touch. (1)drink to sb., drink sb., drink to one’s health和drink one’s health都可表示“为……的健康干杯”,但有to比较正式。例如: I drink to your good health. 为你的健康干杯。 We drank to each other’s health for most of the evening. 晚上的大部分时间我们都为彼此的健康祝酒。 Let’s drink to our country. 为祖国干杯! 11. At last, both Minzhi and Huike go back to their village,together with the people from the TV station. (1)both…and…并列连词,意思是“两者都”,连接两个并列成分。例如: Both you and he have passed the exam. 你和他都考试及格了。 He like both English and math. 他不但喜欢英语而且喜欢数学。 (2)together with意思是“和……一起”,连接两个主语时,谓语动词应和前面的主语保持一致。例如: Mr. Black, together with his wife and children, is going to visit China next year. 布莱克先生和他的妻子、儿女明年来中国参观。
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