| 高二英语units1-2单元难点剖析 |
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作者：吴安运 文章来源：《中学英语之友·高二版》 点击数： 更新时间：2008-3-13 18:29:03  |
1. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious. 对显而易见事物的分析需要非凡的头脑。
It takes sb. time to do sth.是一个典型的句型，该句型表示“某人花费时间做某事”，代词It是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。如：
Just a minute, it won’t take me long to change.
等一下，我很快就可以换好衣服。
该句型还可以与其它句型转换使用。如：
It took me three hours to finish the project.=I spent three hours in finishing the project. 我花费三小时来完成这个项目。
2. Imagine this: you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world. 想像一下：你是一位21岁的前途光明的研究生，且就读于一所世界一流的大学。
本句中promising是形容词，意思是“有希望的；会成功的；有前途的”。如：
The weather is promising. 天气有望好转。
a promising youth 有希望的青年
promising crops 长势很好的庄稼
【知识拓展】promise用作动词，意为“允诺, 答应”，常见搭配如下：
①promise+名词/代词
It is not so simple; I promise you.
我敢向你保证，事情并不那么简单。
Her parents promised her a new car if she passed her exams.
她的父母答应如果她通过考试就给她买一辆新车。
②promise+不定式
He has promised to behave better henceforth.
他答应从今以后要表现得好些。
③promise+不定式复合结构
She promised me to meet at 8:00 am. But she hasn’t turned up yet.
她答应我上午八点见面，但还没有露面。
④promise+宾语从句等
She promised her brother that she would write to him.
她答应弟弟将给他写信。
They promised us that they would come. 他们答应我们一定会来。
3. There did not seem much point in working on my PhD—I did not expect to survive that long. 继续攻读博士学位对我来说没有什么意义，我没有期望活那么久。
There is no point in doing sth. 表示 “做某事没有作用或没有意义”。如：
There’s no point arguing about it—we’re going and that’s that.
再争论下去没有用——我们说走就走。
There is very little point in trying to persuade him; he won’t follow your advice. 试图去说服他没有用；他也不会听你的意见。
4. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of. 他也没有让这疾病阻止他过上他曾经一直梦寐以求的那种生活。
⑴nor引导的倒装句：当表示前边一种否定情况也适合于后者时，应用“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构。如：
He isn’t fond of fast food, nor am I. 他不喜欢快餐，我也一样。
She can’t get there at four, nor can I.
她不能在四点钟到那里,我也不能。
I never saw him again, nor did I hear from him.
我再也没有见到他，也没有收到过他的信。
He doesn’t smoke, neither does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
⑵dream of意为“梦见; 梦想”，后接名词、动名词。如：
I never dreamed of meeting you here.
我从来没想到会在这里遇到你。
Little did I dream of succeeding so well.
我做梦也想不到如此圆满的成功。
His dream of being a doctor has come true. 他当医生的愿望实现了。
5. In the book, Hawking explains both what it means to be a scientist and how science works. 霍金在这本书里阐述了成为一名科学家意味着什么，以及科学是如何发挥作用的。
⑴这是一个主从复合句，由both…and连接两个并列的宾语从句。
⑵mean表示“意思是；意味着”时，可接名词、代词、动名词或从句。表示“意欲；打算”时，后接不定式。如：
What do you mean by saying that? 你说那话是什么意思？
Missing the bus means walking home.
错过这班车就意味着步行回家。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我本无意伤害你。
6. Scientists, on the other hand, Hawking writes, know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong. 霍金写到，从另一个方面上说，科学家们知道他们的工作永无止境，即使是最完美的理论也可能被证明是错误的。
⑴on the one hand常与on the other hand连用，表示“一方面……另一方面”。如：
I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to be studying. 我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来学习。
On the one hand I’d like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
一方面我希望找一份报酬高的工作，但另一方面，我又很喜欢目前正在做的工作。
⑵turn out的意思较多，主要有以下用法：
①作“生产；出产”解时，后接名词。如：
We are to turn out 100,000 computers next year to meet the market requirements. 我们计划明年生产十万台计算机以满足市场需要。
②作“结果是；原来是”解时，后接不定式或从句。如：
Things turned out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.
事情正如教授所预见的那样。
The plan turned out a failure. 这项计划结果归于失败。
It turns out that she had known him when they were children.
结果证明他们小时侯时她已经就认识他。
7. A house in your town burned down. Nobody was hurt.
你所在镇上的一所房屋烧毁了。没有人受伤。
burn down可以用作及物或不及物动词，意为“全部焚毁；火势减弱”。如：
The town (was) burnt down in 1932 and has since been rebuilt.
这座城市1932年被烧毁，此后重建。
A number of houses (were) burnt down in the fire.
许多房屋在火灾中被烧毁了。
8. Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens. 报纸和其它媒体不仅仅是记录发生的事情。
more than的用法较多，主要有：
⑴more than与数词连用，表示“多于；超过”。如：
I have known David for more than 20 years.
我认识大卫二十多年了。
The boy is more than ten years old. 这个孩子十多岁了。
⑵more than与名词连用，表示强调，意为“不仅仅”。如：
Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息了。
Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
杰森不仅仅是一位演讲家，还是一位作家。
⑶more than与含can的分句连用，表示“远远不是……所能够……”。如：
That’s more than I can do. 那我可做不到。
Don’t bite off more than you can chew. (谚语)不要言过其实。
⑷more than与形容词/副词连用，表示“很；非常”的意思。如：
In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 当一个人做科学实验的时候，必须很小心。
I assure you I am more than glad to help you.
我向你保证我非常乐意帮助你。
9. My favourite article is the one I wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China. 在我所写的文章中，我最喜爱的一篇是关于如何把被盗的文物拯救回国的报道。
one是代词，指代前面的article，one之后跟了一个定语从句，这个定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，所以one属于特指，前面需加冠词;如果one属于泛指，其前不用冠。
[提醒注意]①one和ones如果带有定语时，它前面还可以有冠词、基数词或物主代词。例如：
I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me one?
我没有钢笔，你能借我一支吗？
I don’t like this hat. Show me a bigger one.
我不喜欢这顶帽子，拿一个大点的给我看。
He is the one to be depended on. 他是一个值得信赖的人。
②one前可加this或that；而ones须带有另外的定语时才可加these或those。
This book is easy but that one is rather difficult.
这本书容易读，但那本很难读。
10. The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. 媒体常常能帮助解决问题，关注需要帮助的对象。
draw/pay attention to意思是“注意；关心”。该短语为“动名介”短语，名词attention前可以有more, little, careful, close, no, some等形容词修饰，to后接名词或代词，表示注意的对象。
You should pay/draw more attention to your work.
你应该更注意你的工作。
The teacher asked his students to pay attention to him.
老师要求学生专心听他讲课。
draw/pay attention to有两种形式的被动语态，一种是以attention作主语，另一种是以to后面的宾语作主语。如：
More attention should be paid to your work.=Your work should be paid more attention to.
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