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1. be known for, be known as, be known to be known for表示“因……而出名”,介词for后面跟原因; be known as 意为“作为……而为人所知”,介词as后接主语的身份或名称; be known to 意为“为(某人)所知或熟悉”,介词to后接人或其他对象。例如: Guilin is known for its beautiful scenery. 桂林以它美丽的风景而著名。 Mr. Zhang is known as an English teacher. 人们知道张先生是个英语老师。 As is known to all, she is always ready to help others. 众所周知,她总是乐于助人。 2. give in, give up give in 表示“让步、屈服”之意,作不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语。如果要表示“向某人让步或屈服”的意思,用give in to sb./sth.结构;而give up表示“放弃”之意,可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。例如: Liu Hulan would rather die than give in. 刘胡兰宁死不屈。 They have given in to my opinion. 他们已经接受了我的意见。 The boy had to give up school because his family was too poor. 这个孩子因为家庭太穷而不得不辍学。 I can’t answer this question. I give up. 我回答不出这个问题,我放弃。 3. in order to, in order that, so as to, so as that 四个短语都表示 “为了”。in order to和 so as to引导目的状语,in order to可以放在句首或句中, so as to只能放在句中,二者否定式分别为 in order not to和so as not to;in order that和so as that引导目的状语从句时,通常放在句中。例如: He shouted and waved in order to/so as to be noticed. 他大声喊并且挥手以便能被注意到。 John hurried in order not to/so as not to be late for the party. 约翰匆忙赶路为了去宴会不迟到。 In order not to be late, he took a taxi. (不能用so as not to) 为了不迟到,他打了一辆出租车。 He got up early in order that/so as that he could catch the first bus. 他早早起来为了赶上头班车。 4. ordinary, usual, common 三个都是形容词,都含“普通的”之意。ordinary强调“平常的、平淡无奇的”;usual意为“通常的、习惯性的”; common表示“常见的”,侧重不足为奇的。例如: It was a very ordinary day today. 今天是很平常的一天。 Though she is rich,she wears ordinary clothes. 她虽然富有,却衣着平常。 He made the usual mistake that the beginners make. 他犯了那些初学者通常犯的错误。 ——Are you coming home at the usual time? 你准备按往常的时间回家吗? ——Yes, I shall leave the office at the same time as usual. 是的,我将和平常一样准时离开办公室。 Snow is common in cold countries.在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。 Colds are common in winter. 感冒在冬天很常见。 5. believe, believe in, trust, trust in believe表示“相信(事物的真实性、人的诚实等)”;believe in则表示“信仰,相信……的存在”、“信任,信赖”、“相信……的价值”。后面常常跟如下词:有关宗教、理论、原则、概念及可信任之人;trust表示“信任,信赖”,强调“信得过,相信某人的品德,为人,能力等”;trust in表示“信仰”。例如: I could hardly believe my eyes. 我几乎不能相信自己的眼睛。 You can’t believe anything she says. 你不能相信她说的话。 Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. 多数人相信,罢工至少会延续一个星期。 Believe/Trust in God. 信仰上帝。 Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗? We must believe in ourselves. 我们必须相信自己。(对自己有信心,而不是相信自己的话) We trust him because we know he has never deceived anyone. 我们信任他,因为我们知道他从来没有欺骗过任何人。 Can I trust you to get the money safely to the bank? 我能信任你将这笔钱安全存入银行吗? 6. defeat, beat, conquer 这组动词都表示“打败”。defeat的含义是“打败”,尤指战场上打败敌人;beat指“战胜比赛、辩论的对手”等,二者经常可以互换;conquer 强调“把对方征服”,而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有,可以任意支配。例如: The public bet a lot of money on Jim, but he was defeated. 人们在吉姆身上下了一大笔赌注,但是他被击败了。 He finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. 他最后终于打败汉弗莱斯,成为英国的冠军。 Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered. 有的国家可能被打败,但决不会被征服。 7. agree to, agree with, agree on 这三个短语中to, with, on都是介词,后面跟名词,其中agree to sth.“同意某建议/计划等”;agree with sb./sth.“同意某人或是某种看法”; agree on sth.“某些人在某件事情上达成共识”,施动者一定是复数。例如:
She agreed to our plan. 她同意了我们的计划。 I’ll agree to your suggestion if you lower the price. 如果你降价,我会同意你的提议。 I entirely agree with you. 我完全同意你。 He left the firm because he didn’t agree with their sales policy. 他离开了公司,因为他不认同他们的销售政策。 Let’s try to agree on a date. 我们确定一个日期吧。 We all agreed on the terms. 我们就这些条款达成了一致意见。 agree to中的to还可以是不定式,后面跟动词原形,表示“同意做……”。例如: She agreed to do what we wanted. 她同意去做我们所要求的事情。 agree with还可以表示“……和……一致”。例如: Your story agreed with what I had heard. 你的经历和我听到的一致。 8. affair, event, incident, matter 这四个词都可表示“事件”,但是其中affair含义较广,侧重指“已发生或必须去做的任何事情或事务, 私事, 恋爱事件”,复数形式多指“重大或较复杂的事务”;event意为“事件,大事”; incident意为“事件,事变”,用于表示突发事件或偶发事件; matter普通用词,着重指“考虑中的或需要处理的事”。例如: The dinner was an elegant affair. 这个宴会是一流的聚会。 They were accused of interfering in China’s internal affairs. 他们被谴责干涉中国的内政。 The invention of printing was an important event in the history of education. 印刷术的发明是教育史上的重要事件。 After the children were punished, nobody mentioned the incident again. 孩子们被罚以后,没有人再提起这件事了。 I decided to treat the whole matter as a great joke! 我决定把整件事当做一个玩笑。 9. fall in love with, be in love with fall in love with意思是“爱上了”,表示瞬间动作,非持续性;be in love with意思是“爱着”,表示状态,是可持续性动词短语。例如: I fell in love with her at first sight.我对她一见钟情。 If you’re really in love with art, you don’t mind hard work. 你要是真心热爱艺术,就不要怕吃苦。 10. fight with, fight against, fight for, fight about/over fight with和……作战/打仗;和……一起并肩战斗; fight against一般是对某种势力、侵略或现象的反抗和反对; fight for为争取……而斗争;fight about/over sth. 因为……而争论,争夺。例如: Britain fought with France against Germany in the Second World War. 在第二次世界大战中, 英国与法国联合作战抗击德国。 The villagers are trying to fight against the water pollution. 村民们在努力同水污染作斗争。 They are fighting for freedom. 他们在为自由而斗争。 Don’t fight about small things. 不要为琐事争吵。 The two dogs were fighting over a bone. 两只狗为一块骨头厮咬。
高二英语第6单元练习
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