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宾语用来表示及物动词(短语)的动作对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或宾语从句等充当。宾语是高考的常考点,主要出现在单项选择、完形填空或短文改错中,下面就结合近年考题对宾语的常考点归纳分析如下: 一、名词(短语)作宾语 1. She went to the bookstore and bought ____.(06北京) A. dozen books B. dozens books C. dozen of books D. dozens of books [分析]D。名词短语作动词宾语, dozen表示确定的数目时,不用复数,但其后名词用复数;如果与of连用,表示不确定的数目时,则须用复数。 2. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ____ and weaknesses. (06湖北) A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values [分析]A。考查用作宾语的名词的区别。strengths“力量,优点”,benefits“利益”,techniques“技术”,values“价值”,只有A项最符合句意,句意为“为了让全体队员表现得更好,教练首先要了解每个人的优缺点。” 3. Always read the ____ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.(06福建) A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions [分析]B。 explanations“解释”,instructions“说明书,指导”,descriptions“描述”,introductions“介绍”,由句意可知选B。 二、代词作宾语 1. If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take ____? I won’t read them this week. (06浙江) A. all B. any C. either D. both [分析]D。不定代词作动词宾语。 all指三者或三者以上的“都,全部”,any“一些”, either两者之中的“任一”, both指两者“都,全部”,由the two books或I won’t read them 可知用both。 2. I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ____. (05安徽) A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other [分析]B。不定代词作介词宾语,some other作定语,other person或oneother搭配不当。 3. We haven’t enough books for ____; some of you will have to share. (05全国) A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody [分析]C。不定代词作介词宾语,somebody “某人”,anybody “任何人”,everybody“每个人”,nobody“没有人”,句意为“我们没有足够的书发给每个人,你们中的一些人将不得不共用。”只有everybody符合句意。 三、考查非谓语动词作宾语 1.不定式作宾语或不定式的复合结构作宾语。 (1)afford, agree, attempt, choose, decide, hope, expect, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, want, wish等动词后只能接不定式作宾语。如: I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses____ talking while she works.(06北京) A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop [分析]C。can’t stand后接v-ing,refuse后接不定式作宾语。 (2) 在及物动词tell, teach, advice, show, decide, know, consider, except, see, ask, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等动词或介词之后可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。如: It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.(02NMET) A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it [分析]C。know在本题中后接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语, what…do with“如何处理”。 (3)不定式的复合结构作宾语,复合结构用来表示动作的发出者。如:My advisor encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (04北京) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take [分析]D。encourage后接不定式的复合结构作宾语。 (4)动词不定式作宾语时,如果后面跟有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,把动词不定式放到句子后面,构成“主语+动词+it+补语+to do sth.”句式,使用这种句型的常见动词为believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think等。如: ① The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(05全国) A. that B. it C. this D. him [分析]B。 think后接复合宾语,不定式短语“to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting”有形容词necessary修饰,作宾语补足语,只能用it 作形式宾语,而把不定式短语放在后面。 ② As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. (06湖南) A. this B. that C. one D. it [分析]D。made后接复合宾语,it作形式宾语,代替不定式短语“to lookafter all the other people’s affairs in that town”。
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