| 高考试题聚焦动词时态热点 |
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作者：佚名 文章来源：本站原创 点击数： 更新时间：2008-1-29 8:56:19  |
对动词时态的考查是历年高考命题的重点，近年来各地高考对动词时态的考查更侧重于语境化、交际化的理解。通过对2007年全国及部分省（市）试题的分析， 我们不难看出高考对动词时态的考查热点主要体现在以下几
个方面。
一、一般过去时态——2007年高考最热考点之一
考点1表示过去已完成的动作或状态（与现在没有关系），常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用
I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ______ there several years ago. （全国卷I）
A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been
解析：时间状语several years ago指明过去， 谓语动词应使用过去时态。答案为C。
-Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.
- ______? That’s his third one in just one month. （浙江卷）
A. Had he B. Did he C. Does he D. Has he
解析：该句实际上是对几天前（the other day）的动作的反问， 因而应用过去时态。答案为B。
考点2通过上下文语境暗示，考查表示过去的动作或状态
The play had already been on for quite some time when we ______ at the New Theatre. （浙江卷）
A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive
解析：由主句的过去完成时态（had already been）可推知从句应以过去的动作(arrived)作为参照物。故正确答案为B。
-Did you tidy your room?
-No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. （上海卷）
A. had B. have C. have had D. will have
解析：根据句意，是正准备整理房间时来了客人，显然来客人是发生在过去的事情。答案为A。
They ______ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never been able to afford to go. （山东卷）
A. had got B. got C. have got D. get
解析：仔细分析该句语境及意义，不难发现前半句叙述事实，又发生在过去。故选B。
考点 3 表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事
-Ouch!You hurt me!
-I am sorry. But I ______ any harm. I ______ to drive a rat out.（江西卷）
A. didn’t mean； tried B. don’t mean； am trying
C. haven’t meant； tried D. didn’t mean； was trying
解析：此题意为“我没想伤害你， 我只是一直尽力把老鼠赶出去”。第一空表示“没有料到”用didn’t mean。第二空表示“一直在做”故用was doing。答案为D。
考点 4 “for + 段时间”状语与一般过去时的连用
-Has your father returned from Africa yet?
-Yes, but he ______ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. （辽宁卷）
A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be
解析：许多学生一看到时间状语“for + 段时间”， 就用完成时态。其实，凡是持续性动词或系表结构都可以和段时间状语连用。题干中用了sent(send的过去式)， 所以在它之前的动作应用过去完成时，而before已表明动作的先后， 故可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。答案为A。
二、现在完成时态——高考热点
考点1过去的动作对现在造成了影响或结果，此时不需要时间状语。（以现在作为时态的参照物）
I got caught in the rain and my suit ______. （北京卷）
A. has ruined B. had ruined
C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
解析：该句表示过去的事件或行为对现在的影响，属于现在完成时的用法；my suit与ruin之间为动宾关系，所以使用被动语态。答案为C。
- ______ you ______ him around the museum yet?
-Yes. We had a great time there. （江苏卷）
A. Have； shown B. Do； show
C. Had； shown D. Did； show
解析：该题考查动词时态，强调过去的动作与现在有直接的联系，故选A。
考点2表示过去的动作或状态一直持续到现在
With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. （上海卷）
A. discovered B. have discovered
C. had been discovered D. have been discovered
解析：in the past...结构多与完成时一起连用，本题使用现在完成时；这些新物质是“被发现”，应使用被动语态。答案为D。
Danny _______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. （福建卷）
A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked
解析：该句与一段时间连用(for long)且下文有now，所以用现在完成时。答案为C。
考点3现在完成时的标志判断
The book was written in 1946, ______ the education system has witnessed great changes. （山东卷）
解析：此题考查定语从句及since的用法。时间标志词since应与现在完成时连用，并且主句之后有逗号，故答案为D而不是选项C。
三、过去完成时态
考点过去完成时表示过去的过去， 即：动作发生在过去的某时间或动作之前。过去完成时是相对时态，在使用时一定要以过去的某一时间或动作作为参照物，常与以下介词短语连用，如by then/last year, by the end of, before then等。
-Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
-Yes, he did. He ______ his old friends for a long time. （重庆卷）
A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see
C. hasn’t seen D. hadn’t seen
解析：结合句意可知，第二句的动作发生在第一句动作之前，因此选择过去完成时。答案为D。
They became friends again that day. Until then, they ______ to each other for nearly two years. （安徽卷）
A. didn’t speak B. hadn’t spoken
C. haven’t spoken D. haven’t been speaking
解析：由时间状语for nearly two years可知应使用完成时态；而通过上下文得知这是过去的一件事，因此用过去完成时。答案为B。
At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（江苏卷）
A. has been reached B. had been reached
C. has reached D. had reached
解析：结合句意可知， reach an agreement要早于announce这个动作，而announce发生在过去，因此用had been reached表示过去的过去。答案为B。
四、进行时态（包括现在和过去进行时态）
考点 1 表示现在或过去某时间点正在进行的动作
-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.
-Impossible. She ______ TV with me in my home then. （福建卷）
A. watched B. had watched
C. would watch D. was watching
解析：昨天晚上八点她正在我家和我一起看电视，故应用过去进行时。答案为D。
-Did you see a man in black pass by just now?
-No, sir. I ______ a newspaper. （四川卷）
A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading
解析：结合语境可知，“我”刚才一直在读报纸，所以没有看到刚才是否有人经过，需用过去进行时。答案为B。
考点2表示现在或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。(但说话时有可能没发生这个点动作)
-Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
-Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now. （辽宁卷）
A. has graded B. is graded
C. is being graded D. is grading
解析：此句关键词是now，表示现在这段时间我的作业正在被批改。答案为C。
考点3表示计划将要发生的动作
-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
-Oh, don’t mention it. I _______ past your house anyway. （北京卷）
A. was coming B. will come
C. had come D. have come
解析：结合语境可知应用过去时态。was coming是表示计划的将来。答案为A。
五、复合时态——近年高考时态的一种趋势
复合时态是两种或两种以上的单一时态的合成，它具有几个单一时态的用法。
考点复合时态的用法
Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. （湖南卷）
A. studies B. studied
C. is studying D. has been studying
解析：分析语境可知， 此刻Cathy正在Sunshine School的课上记语法笔记， 她在Sunshine School已经学英语有一年了，说明她已学一年目前还将学下去， 所以用现在完成进行时。答案为D。
-I have got a headache.
-No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long. （江西卷）
A. work B. are working
C. have been working D. worked
解析：此句表明他从过去的某一时间一直工作到现在， 故用现在完成进行时。答案为C。A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
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