| 中考阅读理解做题技巧及实践 |
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作者：张坤霞 文章来源：中学英语之友 点击数： 更新时间：2007-11-24 9:55:29  |
新的中学英语教学大纲明确规定：“侧重提高阅读能力”。阅读理解能力是中考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位，可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题是获得中考英语高分的关键。我们可将阅读理解单项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：细节理解题，词句理解题，主旨题，猜测词义题，推理判断题。英语阅读理解题做题的技巧与策略是中考所必备的。
一､速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读､扫读､跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词､主题句，捕捉时空､顺序､情节､人物､观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。主题句往往对全文起提示､启迪､概括､归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。
试试看，你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗?
The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children， and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
不难看出，文章的第一句“The panda是很受欢迎的动物”是主题句，后面的句子都围绕这个句子展开。
二､看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度､意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题的题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三､逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析､挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer， imply， suggest， indicate等。
四､猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
a.定义法
It will be very hard but also very brittle…that is， it will break easily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。
b.同位法
They traveled a long way， at last got to a castle， a large building in old times.
同位语部分a large building in old times给出了castle的确切词义，即“城堡”。
c.对比法
She is usually prompt for all her class， but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
“but”表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向prompt“准时”的结论。
d.构词法(前缀､后缀､复合､派生等)
Perhaps， we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.
possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以断定possibility意思是“可能性”。
e.因果法
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”。
五､养成良好阅读习惯，潜移默化结硕果。
良好的阅读习惯：
1.养成默读习惯，使注意力集中在文字符号上，纠正唇读，心读，喉读等做法，以免分散精力，影响阅读速度。
2.克服指读､回视､重读等不良习惯，因为这样容易使理解只停留在某个词或句子上，使获得的信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词，从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子，进行连贯性理解。
英语阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的复杂过程，要养成每天阅读英语的习惯，循序渐进，持之以恒，精泛结合，广泛猎取。在潜移默化中你会感觉到你的阅读能力又有了长足的提高。
阅读理解专项训练
Ⅰ.阅读下面短文，根据其内容用方框内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文正确､通顺。每词限用一次。
tooth, hard, harm, relax, cool, sick, cost, nothing
Some people think that smoking makes them look __1__ and helps them __2__. I don’t agree. In my opinion， smoking is __3__ for people’s health， and it also makes people look bad.
As everyone knows， cigarettes have nicotine(尼古丁) in them. If you smoke lots of cigarettes， the nicotine in them will hurt some parts of your body and make you __4__. Once you start smoking， it’s very __5__ to give up. Also， smoking gives you yellow fingers， yellow __6__ and bad breath. No one would think that is cool in any way. Besides， cigarettes __7__ a lot of money， which could be spent on more useful things， like books， clothes or CDs.
As you can see， smoking does __8__ good for us. I hope more and more people will realize this and try their best not to smoke.
Ⅱ.根据文章中所提供的汉语， 用该词的适当形式填空， 每空一词。
Henry works in a factory. He comes from a poor family and was in school for only four years. He has to do more work， but he’s paid __1__(较少的). He likes to watch football matches very much and __2__(花费) a lot of time on it.
One evening there was a big football match. He __3__(借) some money from his friend and hurried there. There were a lot of people. And all the tickets were __4__(卖) out. He __5__(感到) sorry for it. He saw a pole(电线杆) outside the playground and climbed it up quickly. A policeman came and said， “It’s dangerous to stay on it. Come down!”
“Wait a minute， please!” Henry said and just at the moment the policeman __6__(听到) cheers(欢呼) in the playground and asked in a hurry， “Which team has kicked a goal?” “Ours!” “Wonderful! You can stay there but take care，” the policeman said __7__(高兴地) and left. When the match would soon be over， he came back again and asked， “Who’s __8__(赢)?” “Theirs， 3-2.” “Come down，” the policeman said __9__(生气地). “Such a match isn’t worth __10__(观看)!”
Henry had to come down. But soon they heard cheers again. The policeman said in a hurry， “Climb up quickly and see who’s kicked a goal!”
Ⅲ.根据下表提示，完成值日汇报， 每空一词。
Good morning， everyone. I’m Li Ping. It’s my turn to be on __1__ today. It’s __2__， June 10th. It’s a __3__ day. Everyone is here __4__ Zhang Hua. He is ill at home.
Yesterday afternoon， our school had a meeting on the __5__. The meeting is about keeping away from net bars and refusing unhealthy publications.
Key(4)
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