解析同义型、条件型句型转换
　　◆ 梅永元
　　
　　句型转换是要求学生根据所给的句型，按要求或提示完成考题，考查的是学生对句子结构的构成、变化等方面的知识以及对此类知识的运用能力。该题型首先给出一个完整的句子，再给出一个含有几个空白处的句子，根据不同的要求填入适当的词完成句型转换。句型转换涉及到语法知识的各个方面，在做这种题时，应注意时态、语态、人称、数的变化，特殊疑问词的用法，及助动词的用法等。句型转换考题虽然包括各种句式，但通常以两种形式进行考查：同义型句型转换和条件型句型转换。
　　
　　一、同义型句型转换
　　
　　同义型句型转换即是用另一种方式来表述与原句相同的句意，也称作同义句转换，主要考查学生对句型及词汇的掌握情况。
　　
　　【真题引导1】
　　I prefer walking there to going by bus.
　　I prefer to walk there ___ by bus.
　　【答案与解析】
　　该题考查prefer...to...与prefer...rather than...这两个句型的转换。前者后接动词时用V.+ing形式，而后者则接不定式，并且rather than后的不定式符号要省略。答案：rather than go。
　　【真题引导2】
　　It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
　　Mary ____ two weeks ___ for the exam.
　　【答案与解析】
　　该题考查的是表示“花费时间做某事”的两个句型的转换，take常用的句型是：it takes +时间 + to do...；而spend却是：sb +spend + 时间 + （in）doing...。答案：spent， in preparing。
　　
　　【真题引导3】
　　I always get up before six o'clock in my school days.
　　I __ get up ______ six o'clock in my school days.
　　【答案与解析】
　　根据原句的意思，只有在第二句的两个空白处分别填入never与after，这样才能表达出与第一句相同的含义。这里要注意always的否定副词是never。答案：never，after。
　　
　　【真题引导4】
　　The children are too tired to walk farther.
　　They are_____tired____they ____ walk farther.
　　【答案与解析】
　　含有too...to的简单句常和so...that 引导的复合句互相转换。但是too...to的本身是否定意义，so...that从句要改为否定。答案：so, that, can't。
　　
　　【真题引导5】
　　The girl left her home a few days ago, she has not come back yet.
　　The girl has____ from her home for a few days.
　　【答案与解析】
　　第一句意思为“女孩几天前离开家，她现在还未回来”。根据句意可知应用现在完成时。for a few days表示一段时间，在完成时中只能与延续性动词搭配，而leave是非延续性动词。答案：been away。
　　【巩固训练】
　　1. They say that Mr. Liu can speak German.
　　_____ that Mr. Liu can speak German.
　　2. Can you show me the way to the post office?
　　Can you tell me _____ get to the post office?
　　3.People plant many young trees on both sides of the street each year.
　　Many young trees are ____ on ____ sides of the street each year.
　　4.My parents left home three days ago.
　　They have not come back yet.
　　My parents____from home for three days.
　　5.They knew something about it only after you told them.
　　They knew______ about it _____ you told them.
　　6.If you play basketball here, you may break the windows.
　　_____play basketball here,______you may break the windows.
　　7.This is the most enjoyable journey that I have ever heard of.
　　I have ______heard of______ an enjoyable journey before.
　　8. Hot dogs are not so delicious as sandwiches.
　　Hot dogs are______ delicious ___sandwiches.
　　9. Her father bought the car three months ago.
　　Her father ______the car for three months.
　　10. It's good for your health to take exercise often.
　　____ exercise often can make you ______.
　　11. All the books cost me 365 yuan.
　　I ______ 365 yuan ______ all the books.
　　12.The doctor put down the telephone, left his home at once and hurried to Jim's home.
　　After the doctor ______ the phone call, he left his home at once and went to Jim's home as _____.
　　13. At the end of the meeting his bag was lost.
　　He______ his bag when the meeting ______.
　　14. I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better.
　　He ______ F4 ______ Backstreet Boys.
　　15. Tom spent two hours in mending the bike.
　　It _____ two hours______ the bike.

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