| 直接引语变间接引语 |
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作者：卢克茂 文章来源：考试 点击数： 更新时间：2007-9-19 6:01:57  |
一、 句型变化
1. 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
例1“ I like reading adventure stories,” said John.
→John said(that) he liked reading adventure stories.
2. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。
例2 He said, “Can you swim, John?”
→He asked John if he could swim.
例3 “You have finished the homework, haven’t you?”my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
例4 “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?”
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
3. 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
例5 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?”
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
4. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb. (not) to do sth.”句型。
例6 “Don’t make any noise,”she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
例7 “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
5. 直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”
例8 He said, “Let’s go to the film.”
→He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
二、人称变化
“一主，二宾，三不变。只变人称不变数和格。”
1. “ 一主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化而变化 。
例9 She said， “I like it very much. ”
→She said (that) she liked it very much.
2. “二宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
例10 He said to Kate， “How is your sister now?”
→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
3. “三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
例11 Mr. Smith said， “Jack is a good worker.”
→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
三、时态变化
例12 She said， “I have lost a pen.”
→She said she had lost a pen
例13 She said， “We hope so.”
→She said they hoped so.
例14 She said，“He will go to see his friend.”
→She said he would go to see his friend.
但要注意在以下几种情况下直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
1. 直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
例15 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
2. 直接引语是过去进行时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
例16 Jack said，“John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
3. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
例17 Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
4. 直接引语如果是一般现在时，且表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
例18 He said, “I get up at six every morning."
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
5. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to）和已经是过去时的形式变为间接引语时，（例：could, should, would, might）时态不再变。
例19 Peter said. “You had better come here today.”
→Peter said I had better go there that day.
四、状语变化
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then；yesterday变为 the day before等）。地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that）。
例20 He said, “These books are mine.”
→He said those books were his.
但要注意：如果在当地转述，here 不必变为there;如果在当天转述，yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变.
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