| 咬文嚼字做高考阅读练习 |
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作者：乔 蕾 文章来源：新东方 点击数： 更新时间：2007-8-28 21:16:08  |
阅读理解可以说是英语考试中的一座大山，很多同学都望而生畏。细细观察，很多同学在做阅读理解练习时，都喜欢一口气做很多篇，对完答案后草草了事。自己感觉似乎工夫用到了家，其实不然！阅读练习和吃饭一样不能图快，细嚼慢咽才能充分吸收营养。要真正提高阅读能力，不先慢下来是无法快上去的。慢下来咬文嚼字，对文章中的每一个单词每一个句子仔细分析！真正理解文章中的每一句话，弄清楚文章中的每一个单词、每一个语法现象，一篇阅读下来，你会学到很多！
那我们应该怎样开始这样的阅读练习呢？首先，选好阅读材料是关键，最好以高考的真题为样本。多做高考真题，可以让我们在平时就养成平和的心态，找到高考题的出题规律，树立信心。确定好阅读材料后，我们就开始做题了。练习的第一步千万不要“咬文嚼字”，我们还是按照正常速度先把题目做完，培养良好的阅读习惯。当我们对完答案以后，“咬文嚼字”工作才真正开始。首先要弄清每一个单词的意思，把不懂的动词和形容词记下来；其次，对不懂的句子进行结构分析，把重要的语法现象记下来，总结归纳，查漏补缺！第三，对不正确和正确的选项都要弄清“为什么”，每一道细节题都要在文中定位准确，对于主旨题，我们要写出每一段的大意，真正读懂文章！这样我们才能充分利用每一篇阅读练习文章！
下面，我们以2005年全国高考卷三第一篇阅读文章为例来说明此方法。
Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house. No card came with it. Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender's name and just delighted in the beautiful white flower in soft pink paper.
But I never stopped imagining who the giver might be. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged these imaginings. She'd ask me if there was someone for whom I had done special kindness. Perhaps it was the old man across the street whose mail I'd delivered during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy I had run into.
One month before my graduation, my father died. I felt so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I didn't care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother, in her own sadness, would not let me miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia—lovely, strong and perfect with perhaps a bit of mystery.
My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.
41． Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．A Childhood Dream. B．A Mother's Love.
C．A Graduation Party. D．A Special Birthday.
42．The mother insisted that her daughter go to the graduation dance because _________.
A．she could take care of things herself
B．she hoped she would find a boyfriend
C．she wanted her to be happy and strong
D．she thought education was most important
43．Who was the sender of the flower?
A．A boy the writer had run into. B．One of the writer's neighbors.
C．One of the writer's classmates. D．The writer's mother.
第一步：按时间完成题目，并对答案
41．(B)
【解析】 这一题是主旨题，因为有一个很明显的标志性词语“title”。主旨题一般可以从文章的首段和尾段去寻找答案。在文章的尾段我们可以看到，她妈妈死后作者就再也没有收到栀子花了，很显然我们可以推测到一直送她栀子花的是她的妈妈，所以作者一直沐浴在妈妈的爱中，一直被她妈妈鼓励着。而A答案“童年的梦”，并不是文章主旨，作者只是在做谁送花的白日梦而已。C答案“一个毕业派对”和D答案“一个特别的生日”只能算是文章中的一个细节性描述。所以正确答案是B。
42．(C)
【解析】很显然这是一个细节题，那么我们要在题目中找到一个关键词在文章中去定位，一般可以选择名词。这里我们选择graduation dance作为关键词，很容易就可以定位到文中第三段第二句。在这句话的后面我们可以找到和C答案意思相近的一句，故正确答案是C。
41．(D)
【解析】细节推理题，在文章开头写作者收到花，而在文章结尾说作者的妈妈死后作者再也没有收到花了，不难判断送花的人就是她的妈妈，故正确答案是D。
第二步：咬文嚼字
一、本篇文章可以记忆的单词或词组：
1. delight in 因……而高兴
2. encourage vt. 鼓励，怂恿 v. 鼓励，鼓励
3. graduation n. 毕业，毕业典礼的事物
4. upcoming adj. 即将来临的，预定将要
5. mystery n. 神秘，神秘
6. run into v. 偶遇
二、大家可以对文中自己不理解的难句进行分析、总结、归纳。由于篇幅所限，这里仅给出本篇中几个难句翻译，帮助大家理解：
1、She'd ask me if there was someone for whom I had done special kindness. Perhaps it was the old man across the street whose mail I'd delivered during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy I had run into.
她会问我是否对某人有过特别的恩惠。可能是住在对街的老人，冬天我曾给他送信。但作为一个女孩，我更乐于想象是一个我曾偶遇的男孩。
【语法结构分析】She'd ask me if后引导的是宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中套了一个for whom的定语从句，用来修饰someone， whom指有过特别恩惠的那个人；接着第二句，Perhaps...中又是一个定语从句，whose所指我送信的那个对街的老人；最后一句中，though，插入语，后面that引导的宾语从句以及it might be a boy (who) I had run into的定语从句。Run into在这里指的是偶遇，也可以用run across, meet by chance。三句中从句不断出现，虽然很多，但是只要认真去看，结构都是比较清楚的。
2、She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable.
她想要她的孩子感受到爱，并让人觉得可爱。
三、段落大意：
1、从12岁起，每年生日我都会收到白色的栀子花，却不知道是谁送的。
2、妈妈和我对送花人的猜想。
3、在我毕业前爸爸去世，妈妈对我的鼓励和期望。
4、妈妈去世后，我再没有收到栀子花。
相信对一篇文章进行了这样全方位解剖后，同学们都会受益匪浅。
只要大家持之以恒，阅读能力定能突飞猛进。
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