(1)The teacher asks the students to finish their homework in time.(主动语态)
(2)The students are asked to finish their homework in time.(被动语态)
3.动词make,have等用于主动语态时接不带to的不定式作宾补,而转化为被动语态时则须接带to的不定式作宾补。
(1)The teacher makes him answer that difficult question.(主动语态)
(2)He is made to answer that difficult question.(被动语态)
4.动词help后既可接带to的不定式作宾补,也可接不带to的不定式作宾补。
(1)The Young Pioneers helped the old man find the lost bag.
(2)They helped thefarmers toget in the wheat on Sunday.
六、作状语
在非谓语动词中,动名词不可充当状语。分词状语一般表示时间、原因、条件或伴随,而不定式状语则表目的或结果。例如:
1.时间:Walking along the street(=while I was walking along the street),I met a friend.
2.原因:(Being) tired with the work (=because he was tired with the work),he sat down to rest.
3.条件:Turning to the left (=If you turn to the left),you will find the place you want.
4.伴随:They left for the fields,shouldering spades and hoes.
5.目的或结果:①He came to see the sights.(目的)
②The peasants worked hard(so as)to live.(结果)
总之,非谓语动词是动词的重要组成部分,非谓语动词有着谓语动词没有的一些功能。掌握好非谓语动词不仅可以提高我们的读写能力,对听说能力的提高也是一个大的帮助。非谓语动词既是重点,也是难点,在今后的学习中,应进一步地研究探讨。
参考文献:
[1]薄冰.英语语法.开明出版社,1999.
[2]赵德鑫.英语语法手册.商务印书馆,1978.
[3]吕叔湘.英语语法指南.商务印书馆,2000.
[4]王嘉龄.非谓语动词.商务印书馆.
[5]张振邦.新英语语法教程.上海外语教学出版社,1998.
[6]Palmer,F.R.The English Verb.1974.
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