十二、套用式
两人因网恋而走到一起,在婚礼上,女的说:“如果说男的是电脑——重在内存,女的就是显示屏——看起来要漂亮。”男的说:我们两个一“键”钟情,马上启动了爱情程序,从未“死机”。结语:爱情使人意气风发,也 一起发疯!
十三、夸张式
夸张是通过对生活中丑陋因素的故意夸大、渲染,来揭示生活中的某些不合理与不和谐,对人、对己、对社会现象进行嘲讽和规劝,从而产生幽默。
Hearing Aid, or Dictograph? ( 助听器,窃听器?)
An old man suffered hard of hearing because of old age, so his son bought him a hearing aid. Several days later, his son telephoned:" Daddy, does the hearing aid work well?"
" Work well, do work well ", his son was gratified(= thankful and delighted) at it. Unexpectedly, his old father added at the other end," I even heard your wife’s malediction(咒骂) to me at a low voice from the next-door neighbor yesterday."
一老汉年高耳背,儿子便给他买了一个助听器。几天后,儿子打来电话:“爸,助听器好使吗?”
“好使,好使,可好使啦”,儿子听了很高兴,谁知老太爷接着又从电话那端说,“昨天,你老婆从隔壁邻居家小声骂我我都听见了。”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
malediction:n.咒骂,诅咒,诽谤。最正式。
execration:n.面对面的攻击,咒骂,正式程度介于malediction 和Curse之间。
curse:n. &v.咒骂,诅咒,常用词。
Swear:v.咒骂,诅咒,骂骂咧咧。可与curse换用。
Abuse:v.辱骂,说某人的坏话。
Not Brave Enough (不够勇敢)
" Mummy, my father seems not to be brave."
" This is his old weakness. Or you will be 3 years older than now."
“妈妈,爸爸不够勇敢。”
“这是他的一个老毛病了。要不,你会比现在大3岁。”
Two Sails (两张帆)
Qianlong , an Emperor of Qing Dynasty , arrived to Zhenjiang city. Standing on the Jinshan Temple , the emperor gazed at the Yangtze River starred (用星状物装饰,点缀 ) with the white sails and coveys(一群,一窝。) of gulls and egrets(白鹭,鹭鸶), so he could not help sighing with emotion:" I wonder how many sails to and fro (来来往往) on the river all through ages!" " Two sails." The nearby monk of great renown(名望,声誉) answered freely . "What are two sails?"" One for fame, and one for profits."
乾隆驾临镇江,站在金山寺上眺望长江,见白帆点点,鸥鹭成群,不禁感慨道:“古往今来,不知江上走过多少风帆!” “两张帆。”身边的高僧随口答。“哦,哪两张?”“一张为名,一张为利。”
迷你小贴士——词形辨析
coveys:一群,一窝。
Convey:运送。
The Unique Affair Kennedy Can Do (肯尼迪唯一能做的事情)
In the process of running for presidency, younger Kennedy became the target that Democratic Party members censured(正式语,非难). Truman said candidly:" I hope to see a mature person lead the United States." Kennedy responded to him :" In the eyes of a 78-year old person, most people seem to be little younger. If the USA embraces mistrustful attitude to those who are under 44, it would clog(=obstruct) necessarily Jefferson from drafting the Declaration of Independence, keep Washington from leading Independent War, prevent Madison from formulating (制订,确切表达)the Constitution, and even keep Columbus from discovering the New Continent!"
Still, this time Kennedy failed to be elected, he felt melancholy (忧郁的,沮丧的)all day long . His brother- in- law asked:" Why must you attend the torturing(折磨的,痛苦的)election?" Kennedy:" Because it is the unique affair I’m eligible(合格的,适宜的) to do."
在竞选总统的过程中,肯尼迪的年轻成了民主党人攻击的靶子。杜鲁门公开说:“我希望看到由成熟的人来领导美国。”肯尼迪对此做出回应:“在78岁高龄的人的眼里,大多数人都显得有点年轻。倘若美利坚对44岁以下的人抱有不信任态度的话,它必将阻止杰佛逊起草独立宣言,阻止华盛顿领导独立战争,麦迪逊制订宪法,甚至阻止哥伦布发现新大陆!”
肯尼迪这次还是落选了,终日郁郁寡欢,他的妹夫问:“你为什么非要参加折磨人的竞选不可呢?”肯尼迪回答:“因为这是我唯一能做的事情。”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
melancholy :忧郁的,沮丧的。
sad:常用词。
blue:忧郁的,非正式用法。
The retired people often become blue.
depressed:较长时间的悲哀引起的郁闷和呆滞。
The depressed person tend to withdraw into himself and brood.
dejected:因外界引起的暂时的失望和消沉。
He was dejected when he failed to win the prize.
despondent: 长时间的沮丧。
She was despondent because his money had been stolen.
Disconsolate:灰心失望,不愿意接受安慰。书面语。
A disconsolate old man was wailing.
Where Is Ni-Ping (倪萍在哪?)
After playing in a movie named A Pair of Beautiful Big Feet , Ni-Ping was well tanned. Returning to her old house in Shandong province, her grandmother said humorously:" Where is our Ni-Ping? switch on the light to seek quickly!"
演完电影《一双美丽的大脚》,倪萍被晒黑了。回到山东老家,奶奶风趣地说:“咱家倪萍在哪里,快拉开灯找找?”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
tanned:被太阳晒黑的。
swarthy:黝黑的。中性词。
dusky:黝黑的皮肤。富有诗意的词汇。
tawny:黄褐色的。除了头发外,很少用于人。
mulatto:黑白混血儿的肤色。带侮辱色彩。
black:常用词,语义广。
Abstract Painting (抽象画)
Visitor:“ What do you paint.”
Artist: “This is a cow grazing (吃草).”
“ Where is the grass?”
“It has been eaten up by the cow.”
“ But where is that cow?”
“ She went somewhere else.”
参观者:“这是画什么?”
艺术家:“这儿画的是牛吃草。”
“草呢?”
“被牛吃光了。”
“牛呢?”
“到别的地方去了。”
迷你小贴士——词形辨析
Abstract:a.抽象的,n.摘要 反义词concrete:具体的。
tract:(一片)土地,传单
subtract:v.减去(from)。
Fat President Taft(胖总统塔夫脱)
Taft was a potbellied(大腹便便的)President of the United States. Once after visiting the former president Theodore Roosevelt who took a recess(休假,休息) on Lake Ontario, Taft went to swim in Ontario. He shouted to Theodore Roosevelt on the shore:" Come down and have a good swim(畅游)." Theodore Roosevelt said:" Hold it(得了); the lake of Ontario is already full!"
塔夫脱是个大腹便便的美国总统。一次,他拜访了在安大略湖度假的前总统西奥多•罗斯福之后,就去了湖里游泳。他对岸上的罗斯福说:“您也下来畅游一番吧。” 西奥多• 罗斯福说:“还是免了吧,安大略湖已经客满!”
Attended One Thing And Lost Sight Of Another(顾此失彼)
Wang Ning, a host of News network of CCTV, hastened to go home by motorcycle after work, his girlfriend Liu-Chunyan sitting behind him on the pillion(后坐), who was a dainty(精制的,秀丽的) and cute (伶俐的,招人喜欢的)children program hostess. One of devoted (虔诚的,热心的) audience picked out him suddenly, saying "hello" passionately:" Hi, are you picking up your child back?"
新闻联播节目主持人王宁下班后骑摩托车回家,车子后面带着他的女友,娇小玲珑的少儿节目主持人刘纯燕。一位忠实的观众忽然认出了他,热情地打招呼:“嗨,把孩子接回来了?”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
devoted :挚爱的,忠实的。E.g.
She is devoted to her family.(她忠诚于她的家庭。)
devout:虔诚的,热诚的。E.g.
She is a devout old lady.(她是个虔诚的老太太。)
Winning a Prize (获奖)
Yohei says:" I have carried off(赢得) a third award for singing competition ."
Sato asks:" How many people took part in the competition?"
" 253 contestants(参加比赛者) in the aggregate(总计)."" How many people win the first award?"" One awardee(获奖人)." " How many people win the second award?"" Two prize-winners." Sato asks at last:" How many people win the third award?"" 250 awardees." answered Sato.
河野说:“我唱歌还得过三等奖呢。”佐藤问:“有多少人参加比赛呀?”“一共253人。”“一等奖多少人?”“一人。”“二等奖几人?”“两人。” 佐藤最后问:“那三等奖多少人?”“250人。” 河野答。
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
Prize 和award指在比赛、工作中获得的奖励,后者可钱可物;
bounty:只用于正式场合;
honor:侧重荣誉;
premium:依共同认可的价值标准,奖给的一笔钱。
Make-up (化妆品)
A municipal(市政的)engineering company is mending(=repairing) roads. There is a big cave in a fork in a street(三岔口), and there is a little pit left after they filled it tentatively. At the right moment, Luther sauntered (漫步)into a theater nearby, soon afterward, shouldering back a half bag of stuff(材料,题材) like wheat. It just leveled up the pit . His colleague asked:" What’s the new material? Still exude(=send forth) the strong fragrance (=scent:香味)." Luther said: "They held a large song and dance evening party in the theater yesterday evening. I swept the stage for them, and this was the right cosmetics dropping down from the actors’ faces."
市政公司正在修补马路。有个丁字路口,轧出一个大坑。初步填充一下,仍显得有点凹。正愁不好处理时,马丁跑进附近一家剧院,稍后,他抗来半袋子白面一样的东西,正好把坑填平。同事问:“这是什么新型材料呀?还散发着浓烈的香味。”马丁说:“昨天晚上,在这里举办了一场大型歌舞晚会,我帮他们打扫了舞台,这些都是从演员脸上掉下来的化妆品。
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
fragrance :清新、弥漫的香味;香粉、香水的香味。常常用于女性。
scent:空气中清香味;动物的气味。
aroma:特殊的香味,花香,烹饪的香味。
bouquet:酒的香味。
redolence:强烈的香味,或异味。文雅词。
smell:气味,浓香味,或异味。常用词。
Hungary Believes Tears (匈牙利相信眼泪)
A movie theater in Hungary was projecting a few tragedy (悲剧)films. Each of the audience was distributed a small sponge (海绵) pillow , so you could half pillowed on it to see the films. When you felt sad your tears streamed into sponge, then the tears were squeezed(挤) out after the movie ended. What movie collected the tears at most indicated that was most successful.
匈牙利电影院在放映几部悲剧片,观众每人发一个海绵小枕头,你可以半躺在上面观看,伤心时眼泪就流到海绵里,电影结束后再把眼泪挤出来,哪次收集的眼泪最多,就说明哪部电影成功。
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
squeeze:压,挤。
quench:熄灭,扑灭,抑制。
squelch:压制,镇压。(GRE)
Dark Brown Glass (茶色玻璃)
As a rule the Wangs do sweep-up once a year when the Spring Festival is approaching. Since they never clean up their kitchen regularly, the glasses are fumed to dark tan(褐色,棕黄色的). A colleague sneers that the Wangs attach little importance to (不重视,类似短语:lay/put/place little emphasis on) environmental sanitation(卫生), saying to another man: “Behold(看,祈使句中) all of his brown glasses in his kitchen.”
老王家的厨房平时清扫不勤,到了春节才大扫除一次,以至于玻璃都被熏得变色了。一个同事笑他不讲卫生,对别人说:“瞧,人家厨房里装的都是茶色玻璃。”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
sanitation:卫生,强调无菌。带医学味。sanitation,
hygiene:范围广,卫生、健康。
Wash regularly to ensure personal hygiene.(经常洗澡以保证个人卫生)
health:人的健康状况。 World Health Orgnization(世界卫生组织)
Crack shot (神枪手)
A sharpshooter(神枪手) fired three shots in succession(连续) but did not hit the bird in the sky. While his little son with his hands on the chimney shouted an "open fire!" as the bird flew above the chimney, to a miracle(奇迹般地), the bird fell down onto the ground. When being asked why, the bird said:" I have never seen so big weapon, still smoking heavily. So I muffled(捂住,抑制) the breast with my hands saying :‘ frightened to death! Frightened to death!' then …… "
有个神枪手连打三枪也没击中天上的飞鸟,而他的小儿子扶着烟囱,等鸟飞到上方时喊了一声:“开火!”鸟儿竟然奇迹般地落了下来。问鸟儿到底是怎么回事?鸟儿说:“我从没见过这么大的武器,还冒着浓烟。就用双手捂着胸脯说:‘吓死啦!吓死啦!’于是……”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
succession:连续,不强调逻辑顺序。
Series:同类事物连成系列。
Sequence:系列,顺序,指合乎逻辑、有规律地连续。
Progression:前进,连续,一系列。指向前推进的连续。
Ant and Elephant (蚂蚁与大象)
Miss Ant preferred the companion of big stature(身高;statue: 塑像;status: 地位;statute:法规), so she married to an elephant .But the elephant soon died . The ant cried in grief, saying:" Woe is me. It will take the later half of my life to burry you "
蚂蚁小姐喜欢身材高大的伴侣,就与大象结了婚。可不久大就死了,蚂蚁哭地很伤心,说:“可怜的我啊,后半辈子只能埋你了。”
迷你小贴士——词形辨析
stature:身高。
statue::塑像。
status:地位。
statute:法规。
Boasting (夸口)
A nonnative (外地人) boasts to say:" In our part the millet ear(谷穗)grows up like the corn, while the fresh kidney bean (豆角) grows up like the carrying pole(扁担). ” Just bragging about them, he trips(绊倒) over a watermelon in the field. The farmer says as he laughs: “ Mind my grape!”
一个外地人夸口说:“在我们那里,谷穗长得像玉米,豆角长得像扁担。”正说着,被地上的西瓜绊了一脚。农夫笑着说:“小心我的葡萄!”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
trip:绊倒。语义重。 He wanted to trip me up.(他想绊倒我。)
stumble:绊脚。I stumbled over a tree root.(树根绊了我一脚)
Instant Result (立竿见影)
My daughter pestered(=entangled: 纠缠) me to narrate her a tale before getting into sleeping each night, and she just listened to those that she did not hear of. A day she requested me again to relate her a story. My stocks having run out, I had to relate a tale offhand (即兴,未加考虑). I said:" Long, long time ago, there was a Lilliput (小人国) …… " When I was worrying how to make up the next sentence, catching a glimpse of her, I found she had fallen asleep , with a slanting (歪着)head.
每晚睡觉前,小女儿都让我给她讲故事,而且还得是没听过的。一天她又这样要求我,我库存的故事已经用尽,只得临时编造。我说:“好久好久以前,有个‘小人国’……”正愁没下句呢,这时,小家伙头一歪,我一看她已经睡着了。
迷你小贴士——词义辨析:
harass:使烦恼,使困苦。经常的、严重的困扰。
plague:折磨,使苦恼。被动语态时语气更强。
pester:与相似,不断用小事打扰某人,使烦恼。
entangle:纠缠。
Scarecrow(稻草人)
A peasant woman who was incomparably (无比) ugly and not able to do any farm work, so her family crossly (故意为难,生气) dressed herself worn clothes and old straw hat in order to frighten the crows away. It worked so exhilaratingly(令人振奋) that the crow did not ruin the grains any longer . What’s more, they sent back all cereals which they had not eaten yet .
有一个村妇奇丑无比,什么农活也不会干。家里的人只好让她戴上破草帽,穿上烂衣裳去吓乌鸦。这一招还真灵,乌鸦再也不来糟蹋庄稼了,还将没吃完的粮食都送回来!
迷你小贴士——词形辨析
incomparable:无比的,不能比较的。
incompatible:不相容的,不能共存的。
incomputable:不能计算的,大量的。
Boasting (吹)
Why is it so dark?
Because a herd of cattle are flying.
Why are they flying in the shy?
Because you are boasting.
天为什么这么黑,因为有群牛在飞。
为什么牛在天上飞?因为你在地上吹!
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
Boast:吹牛;
exaggerate:夸张;
overstate:夸大的叙述。
A reporter asks the God:" How many years will Korea(韩国,朝鲜) need to win Olympics champion as far as its football is concerned?" God says:"50 years." The reporter asks: "What about Japanese football?” God says:" About 100 years."" How about China?" God chokes with sobs at these words : "I’m afraid I can’t see that day."
记者问上帝:“韩国足球要赢得奥运冠军需要多少年?” 上帝说:“50 年。”记者问:“日本足球要赢得奥运冠军需要多少年?” 上帝说:“需要100年。”“那中国呢?”一听这话,上帝泣不成声:“我怕是等不到那一天了。”
迷你小贴士——同音词大观园
这部分专有名词在汉语中有相应的音译词语,已经为国人所熟悉,学起来读易好记,轻松有趣。写在横线前面的系专有名词,后为普通词。
Korea(朝鲜)————career
Gaul(高卢人)————gall
Chile(智利)————chilli——chili——chilly
Greece(希腊)——grease
Dane(丹麦人)——deign
Finnish(芬兰语)——finish
Bonn(波恩,德国)——bonne
Bern(伯尔尼,瑞士)——burn
Cannes(嘎纳,法国)——can
Nice(尼斯,意大利)——niece
Seoul(首尔)——soul——sole
Rome(罗马)——roam
Bali(巴厘,印尼)——barley
Wales(威尔士,英国)——whales——wails
Gana(加纳,非洲)——garner
Kashmir(克什米尔,印巴)——cashmere
Latin(拉丁)——lattin
Hyde(伦敦海德公园,政治集会的场所)——hide——hied
Maine(缅因州,美国)——main——mane
Venus(爱神维纳斯,金星)——venous
Klan(三K党)——clan
Martin(圣马丁节)——marten
Oder(奥得河)——oder
Sedan(色当,法国城市)——sedan(轿车)
Seine(塞纳河,法国)——sane——sain
Kant(康德,德国哲学家)——cant
(本文作者艾临,英语副教授。出版《每天幽它一默》(译著)、《英语新大陆》两部,在《中国日报》《英语沙龙》《中国成人教育》、《英语周报》、《英语辅导报》等发表论文多篇。研究方向是词汇与幽默翻译; 喜欢诗歌、旅游、历史与国际关系,发表诗作、游记、国际观察等数百首/篇)