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倒装句练习题 |
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| 倒装句练习题 |
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作者：佚名 文章来源：本站原创 点击数： 更新时间：2007-4-19 8:41:31  |
Chapter fifteen
(Inversion, Emphasis and Ellipsis)
1.____that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.
So clever are the construction robots
So clever the construction robots are
Such construction robots are clever
Such clever construction robots are
2. It was with great joy ____he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home.
A. so B. as
C. that D. since
3.____at the center of the square the monument to the People’s Heroes.
A. It stands there B. There stands
C. Stands there D. It there stands
4. “Mr. Smith has certainly been working hard.”
“____.”
A. So have his sisters B. So his sisters have
C. His sisters have too D. So have been his sisters
5.Why _____did you take the dog into the churchyard?
in earth B. in the earth
C. on earth D. on the earth
6 I made up my mind that under no circumstances _____to such a principle.
couldn’t I agree B. I couldn’t agree
C. I could agree D. could I agree
7._____in my present word, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to .
Were I not engaged B. I were not engaged
Engaged I were not D. Were not I engaged
8.Only when ____given special permission ,____write in pencil.
are you , you may B. you are, you may
C. are you ,may you D. you are, may you
9. Seldom _____any mistake during my past fifteen years of service here.
A. I did make B. did I make
should I make D. I made
10. All nations are equal,____.
be they large or small B. they be large or small
C .are they large or small D. they are large or small
11.Flying demands a much greater supply of energy ____other forms of transportation.
than do most B. most than do
C. than most do D. do than most
12.Not only ____the words to the songs, but he also composes the music.
the English fellow writes B. writes the English fellow
C. does the English fellow write D. the English fellow does write
13.He replied that I was the _____man they were looking for.
quite B. very
C. fairly D. rather
14._____devised the automatic production line?
Who was it that B. Who that was it
C. Who it was that D. It was who that
15.“Have you gone to see the doctor?”
“No, but _____.”
A.I will go B. I am going
C.I go to see D.I must have
16. “You ought to have called Helen yesterday.”
“Yes, I know____.”
A.I ought B. I have to
I should have D.I must have
17. If _____, we’ll continue our experiment after office hours.
A. being necessary B. is subjected to
it necessary D. is necessary
18. If _____heavy pressure, cast iron will crack.
A. subjected to B. is subjected to
C. it subjected to D. being subjected to
19. In our company, everybody is well taken care of,____.
however is his position B. no matter what is his position
C. what his position is D. no matter what his position is
20. Every country, _____, has its strong points and weak points.
A. big or small B. is big or small
C. whether it big or small D. be big or small
重点，难点归纳
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语在后。如果把谓语或谓语的一部分置于主语之前则称之为倒装。还有一种倒装情况，即句子的主谓顺序没变，但是 句中某一成分提前了（通常是宾语、表语和状语）。
倒装可分为两类：语法倒装和修辞倒装。
1.语法倒装
（1）疑问句的倒装。
疑问句的倒装属于部分倒装。例如：
Are you going to the classroom?
How long have you worked here?
(2) there be (或there+其他表示状态的动词)结构中的倒装。
此类倒装属于全部倒装。例如：
There is a lake near our university.
There stands a table in the room.
(3) 虚拟语气中的倒装。
虚拟语气中省略if时，主谓部分倒装。例如：
Were I a teacher (=if he should come…), what would you do then?
Had we made adequate preparations (= if we had made…), the party would have been a success.
(4) 让步状语从句中的倒装。
1由as, however (no matter how), though和be 引起的让步状语从句要部分倒装。例如：
Much as he likes physics, he likes mathematics better.
Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the box.
However hard I try, I cannot understand the question.
Close though the union of small particles is, we have found ways of breaking them.
Be the rain ever so heavy, I will go there this evening.
2在than 等引起的比较状语从句中， 有时主谓倒装。例如：
The molecules of gases move more freely than do those of liquids and solids.
Copper wire allows a large current than does iron wire.
(5)以so, neither或nor 开头的倒装。
这种倒装表示上文所说的事也适合于另一个人或无，属部分倒装。例如：
“I am impressed by his dancing.” “So am I.”
“I can’t tell English from German.” “Neither can I.”
[注] 如表示对另一方所说的话表示赞成，则不能用倒装。
“He studies hard.” “So he does.”
(6) 句首是某些副词或不及物动词与系动词be连用时的倒装。
这些副词有here, there, now, hence(因此), then, thus, often, so 等，常主谓倒装。例如：
Now comes your turn.
Here is the book you want.
Hence comes the name magnet.
Here he comes.
(7) 表示祝愿的句子中的倒装。例如：
May our country become prosperous and strong!
2. 修辞倒装
(1)表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首时的倒装。
表示方位的副词如:out, in, down, up, away, on等或有此意义的介词短语放在句首时，主谓全部倒装（表示描述）。例如：
Down came the ceiling.
Into the sky went the plane.
(2)否定词置于句首时的倒装。
含有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首或词组用于句首做状语，要用部分倒装。常见的这类词有：never, hardly, scarcely, not only, little, seldom, not until等，以及含有no 的一些词组如：at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way , on no sccasion, on no consideration,under no circumstances等。另外，具有否定意义的：
not…onlybutalso…,neither…nor…,no sooner…than…,hardly(scarcely)…when…位于句首时也要用倒装。例如：
Never before have I seen such a comfortable car.
Hardly had he come back when it began to rain.
At no time will China first use nuclear weapons.
(3)only+ 状语用于句首的倒装。
当only+状语用于句首表示强调时，主谓部分倒装。例如：
Only by practice can we improve our spoken English.
Only if you study hard, can you pass the examination.
(4)强调倒装
如果强调某一句子成分，把该句子成分放在句首，主谓全部倒装。例如：
Next door to us lives an engineer.
Among the students are those who come from the U.S.
(5)so(such)…that结构用于句首时的倒装。例如：
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
Such was the force of the earthquake the almost all the buildings in this city were destroyed.
(6)由平衡关系引起的倒装。
当主语较长，谓语很短时，为了使句子平衡把某一成分放在句首，主谓全部倒装。例如：
Gone are my friends from the cotton fields away.
Present at the conference were General Manager, Vice-general Managers and 215directors.
强调
强调是指在英语句子中，通过一定的语法手段加强某些成分。强调的方法有三种：
1单词，词组强调；2语法强调；3修辞强调。
1单词，词组强调
（1） only, even, just三词可放在句中任何一个需要的成分前，（2） 如主语，（3） 谓语，（4） 宾语，（5） 状语等。例如：
Only you can help me.(强调主语)
This can happen only in our society.(强调状语)
I can even do this (强调谓语)
He doubts even the facts.(强调宾语)
（6） very 或exact放在名（7） 词前，（8） 并与this,the连用，（9） 意思是“正是…的”，（10） “the very +名（11） 词”可用“just the +名（12） 词”来替换。例如：
You are the very person I want to see.
This very machine caused the whole trouble.
(3) on earth ,in the world, the devil 放在疑问词后，意为“到底…，究竟…”。例如：
What in the world (on earth / the devil) do you mean?
(4)比较级前可以家一些词 或词组加以强调，如：much, even, still, a little, a good/great deal, a lot ,(by) far等，其中by far可以用来强调最高级。例如：
Please speak a little louder.
We have a good deal(a lot) more living facilities than in the past.
Your answer is far less satisfactory than his.
Iron is by far the best metal for making magnets.
2语法强调
(1)在名词，代词后加反身代词，意为“…自己，本身，亲自”。例如：
The very question itself is hard to think of.
I myself can finish the whole project.
在谓语动词前加 do（does, did）强调动词，意为“确实…”。例如：
It was the beautiful scenery in the countryside that helped to cheer him up.
It was in this street that I met with him.
3 修辞强调
重复同一词或类似的词来起到强调的作用。例如：
On Sundays there are many, many people in the park.
On Sundays, the streets are crowded with all kinds of people-all kinds, men and women, young and old, rich and poor.
省略
英语句子中，为了避免重复，使句子更加简洁而省略句中某些语法成分的现象，称省略。本讲主要讲解简单句，并列句，主从复合句的省略情况。
1 简单句中的省略
(1)祈使句省略主语。例如：
(You)Stand up!
(You)Don’t write on the wall!
(2) 对话中回答时省略与问话中相同的信息。例如：
“Will you join us?” “I’d love to (join you).”
“When will you graduate?”
“(I will graduate) In two years.”
(3)感叹句只要被感叹的成分，其他成分省略。例如：
How dreadful (the dream is )!
What a beautiful girl(she is )!
(4)There be的一般疑问句可以省略there 和be.例如：
（Is there）Anything else?
(5)陈述句表示陈述自己的意见时，可省略主语和谓语动词。例如：
（It’s）Beautiful .
(6)询问对方的意见时，可省略主语及助动词。例如：
(Do you) Like to play basketball?
(Do you) Want a drink?
(Do you) (Have) Anything to say?
(7)以 问句形式提出建议时用“Why not do…?”，表示责备用“Why do…?”.例如：
Why not join us? =Why do you not join us?
Why stand here? = Why do you stand here?
2并列句中的省略
为避免重复省略相同的句子成分。
省略主语。例如：
I cleaned the room and (I) washed the clothes.
(2) 省略谓语。例如：
He is diligent but his brother (is) lazy.
The sun shines brightly but the moon (shines) dimly.
省略宾语。例如：
People made (many inventions) and put into use many inventions.
省略状语。例如：
He has been (to the United States),and I will go , to the United States.
省略表语。例如：
The bat seems to be (a bird),but is actually not a bird.
3 复合句中的省略
宾语从句中的省略：
1当宾语从句的引导词是that时，that可省略。常省略that 的动词有：know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, show, decide 等。例如：
In the past, people thought (that) the earth was square.
2当宾语从句由疑问句引导，并且从句的内容与上文重复时，可只保留这个疑问引导词。例如：
I know the earth turns round the sun ,but I don’ t know why (the earth turns round the sun).
(2)状语从句中的省略
1 当从句主语与主句主语一致，并且从句谓语动词是be时，可省略从句的主语和系动词be.例如：
While (I was) crossing the street, I heard someone calling me from behind.
He wouldn’t give in although (he was) defeated.
2表示比较的句型“as…as…”和“more…than…”中的“as…”与“than…”
从句中，可省略与上文重复的内容。例如：
No other metal is more conductive than the silver (is conductive).
We have as much production as(we had)last year.
(3)定语从句中的省略：
1当定语从句的引导词在从句中做宾语时，引导词可省略。例如：
The moon reflects the light(that /which)it receives from the sun.
2当定语从句的先行词是place, time, reason,direction等以及表示place和time 的其他词时，如它的引导词为从句的状语，用where, when, why,也可以用that代替，that 也可省略。例如：
Can you tell me the time (when/that) the accident took place?
3有的定语从句可以只保留谓语的一部分做后置定语，其他部分（引导词，系动词）则可省略，这可看做是把定语从句简化为短语作定语。例如：
People (who are) clever do not necessarily get great achievements.
Do you know the man (who is) standing there?
4其他结构的省略
独立主格结构，可看作是省略了with.例如：
（With）The water being polluted , the fishes in the rivers are becoming more and more scarce.
(With a) Book in hand, he seemed very much academic.
用不定式符号to表示前面动词及其后面有关部分（动词的宾语，状语等）的省略。例如：
You may do the experiment with them if you want to (do it with them).
He wants to stop this test, but we prefer not to (stop it).
You may go home if you like to (go home).
省略介词的几个固定用法：
在下列固定搭配中常省略介词in.例如：
He spends his evenings (in) reading the reference books.
They are busy (in) designing a new-type machine.
Before liberation we had a hard time (in) getting grain and coal.
If you are not skilled, you may have trouble/difficulty (in) starting the machine.
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