| CET-4篇章词汇理解指导与例析 |
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作者:赵庭弟 … 文章来源:英语知识 点击数: 更新时间:2008-4-6 15:57:58  |
改革后的四、六级考试均增加了“篇章词汇理解”新题型,其命题形式是从一篇短文中去掉10个词,在文末给出15个包含有答案在内的词语供考生选择。所测试的词汇主要包括实词和转换词语,如动词、名词、形容词、副词、连接词等。此题主要测试考生通过上下文正确运用词语的能力,要求词义得当、词形准确。 解题时应先弄清文章主题,围绕着主题,结合上下文意义、构词知识和语法知识以及所给词语展开思考。具体的思路是: 1. 快速浏览全文和所给出的词语,确定主题 In every American community, volunteers are caring for the elderly, reading to young children, tutoring students, feeding the poor and much more.A new study __1__ that while volunteers__2__their time and expertise for different reasons, they all derive__3__ satisfaction from their work. San Francisco attorney Helen Kerr is retired, but she’s still working. “I’ve been__4__volunteering for the last three years,”she says.“It makes me very happy because I’m able to go out into the community and talk to the seniors and the seniors’ children?__5__will listen to me! ?and talk about the__6__of elder abuse, prevention of__7__exploitation and give them all the tools that they need to help themselves not become a victim.” Many older Americans find their job skills are still__8__once they leave the paid work force. But some people don’t wait until__9__to volunteer.Ja’Detrus Hamilton, 17, has been__10__ since he was 11. Now, the high school senior from rural Mississippi is an involved member of two youth volunteer programs. A) participate I) donate B) illustrate J) retirement C) suggests K) happily D) financial L) different E) similar M) whoever F) prevention N) valued G) volunteering O) economical H) reluctantly 这一短文的第一段提出了主题:当今美国的各个社区都有一些志愿者从事着各种志愿活动,以从中获得满足感。围绕这个主题展开思考,可知第二段举例说明志愿者的具体活动及其从事志愿活动的感受;第三段从年龄结构上说明什么人参加志愿活动。沿着这样的主题和按主题展开的线索,就不难做出正确的选择:1. C) suggests 2. I) donate 3. E) similar 4. K) happily 5. M) whoever 6. F) prevention 7. D) financial 8. N) valued 9. J) retirement 10. G) volunteering 2.根据上下文的逻辑意义,确定答案 以上例中第2、3空为例,从上下文的逻辑意义来看,此处应表明“……尽管志愿者们为了不同的目的奉献出他们的时间和专门技能, 但他们均能在自己志愿从事的工作中获得类似的满足。”因此应选用denote(捐献)和similar(类似的)。 再以上例中的第6、7、9空为例,在上文中提到“我可以走向社区,对老年人及其孩子进行说教”,接下来应讲说教的内容,即谈些什么。再结合下文的“向他们提供他们所需的一切工具,以便帮助他们不成为受害者”, 并参考所给词语,便可知第 6 空处谈“防止虐待老人(长者)”的问题,第 7 空处谈“防止经济剥削”的问题。第 9 空应填retirement,因为上文讲到退休人员从事志愿活动的事。 3.利用构词和语法知识,查找答案 按照构词和语法知识分析,上述例子中的第一空应填一个谓语动词,且该动词应为第三人称单数形式,这就为考生提供了重要的答题线索。据此,可以很快从所给词语中找到suggests,其他动词均不合此要求。 同理,第4空缺少的是副词,考生可快速查找到happily和reluctantly,再稍加考虑主题和语义,便可知前者为正确答案,因为志愿做某事应该是“高兴地”去做,而不应是“不情愿地”。第 5 空应填连接代词引导talk to的宾语从句,该代词在从句中作主语,只有whoever合此要求。第 8 空应填构成被动语态的过去分词,故应选valued。第10 空缺少构成现在完成进行时的现在分词,volunteering是唯一正确选项。 请注意,上述各方法的应用并非总是单一的,有时综合使用效果更佳。另外,解题时可采用先易后难的原则,这样,剩下来的也就变得比较容易了。 4.真题解析 4.1 真题(20060624四级考试试卷) Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange47happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 ℃. The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe49thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America,50floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and51 . El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most52weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds53of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists54this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years. Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will55, but they are still not56sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be. A) estimate I) completely B) strength J) destructive C) deliberately K) starvation D) notify L) bringing E) tropical M) exhaustion F) phenomenon N) worth G) stable O) strike H) attraction 4.2 解析 本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象——一种神秘而又常常难以预测的海洋气候变化的起因及其主要特征,概述了该现象所产生的不良后果。 47.F) phenomenon 根据上下文语义分析和this的提示,此处应填名词,该名词应前指上文中“the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world”,即“厄尔尼诺现 象”,此处即为表“现象”的词。 48.B) strength 根据上下文语义分析,该句应表示“由于信风强度的减弱,海洋温度升高,……。”根据语法分析,该空处于介词之后,应选名词,剩下的名词还有4个,其中strength最接近答案。 49.E) tropical 根据语法知识分析,该处应用形容词,这样便缩小了选择范围,提高了命中率,因为所给形容词只有4个。再根据语义分析,宜用于此处的形容词有tropical和destruc-tive, 而经过仔细分析,可知前者与上下文的关系更为密切。 50.L) bringing 按照语法分析,此处是全文语法要求最高的,按照英语语言习惯,一个句号前只能出现一个主句,因而在主句谓语动词已经确立的情况下,floods不可能再为动词而是名词,故此处应用现在分词。事实上,此处也只有非谓语动词和介词两种选择,而选项中完全没有介词,这里的非谓语动词只有一个, 故此处选项是唯一的。 51.K) starvation 按照语法和语义分析,此处缺少与drought, poor crops平行的名词,该名词应表示“消极意义”,在所给名词中,starvation正合此要求。 52.J) destructive 按照语法和语义分析,此处应选择形容词,且该形容词应具有“消极意义”,全句意为“1981至1983年间,厄尔尼诺现象带来了现代史上最富破坏性的天气。” 53.N) worth 按照语义分析,该句明显应表示“其影响遍及全世界,使2000多人死亡,造成了价值达80多亿的损失。”为此选用名词worth。 54.A) estimate 按照语法和语义分析,此处应选用谓语动词,且该动词应具有与this及其后的to be the longest El Nino搭配之功能,所给动词中,很明显,estimate最合乎语法和上下文语义的要求。 55.O) strike 按照语法和语义分析,此处缺少一个动词,且该动词在语义上应能与其前的主语名词El Nino搭配。El Nino属一种自然灾害,故宜选用strike(到来,来临,发生)。 56.I) completely 按照语法分析,此处应填一个程度副词,修饰形容词sure。在给出的两个副词中只有completely可表示程度,故为正确答案。 综上所述,解答篇章词汇理解题时,应开动脑筋,从主题、语法、语义多方面入手考虑问题。在语义上,要做到上下文合拍,语义通顺且合乎逻辑;在语法上,要做到句法正确,用词得体,词性准确等等。此外,还可以每做一题,确定后就可以把选得的答案从15个选项中划去,以降低以后选项的难度,提高准确度。 最后再复读全文,发现文章非常流畅通顺,富有逻辑性,也就标志着大功告成了。 (通讯地址:354300 福建省武夷山市武夷学院外语系)
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