| Ｗｉｓｈ祝愿句的变体 |
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作者：李 祯 文章来源：海外英语杂志 点击数： 更新时间：2007-1-15 9:26:44  |
浙江大学编著的《新编大学英语》（第二版）教材，于2005年12月由外语教学与研究出版社出版。该套教材的第四册第一单元有篇题为WOW, WOULD I LOVE TO DO THAT的文章。该文编写者将文中的两句话WOW,WOULD I LOVE TO DO THAT和Was I ever nervous!分别注释为Wow,WOULD THAT I COULD DO THAT和I have never been nervous！这显然是错误的。编写者之所以做出错误注释，是因为其对Wish祝愿句的变体不够了解。Wish祝愿句，指的是由主语+wish(主句)+宾语从句构成的表示祝愿类的句子。在这一句式中，从句使用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的事物，如I wish I could help you。以下，我们对Wish祝愿句的变体作一简介，以供读者参考。
在书面语中，would that可用来代替I/We wish。
1. I would that (= I wish) the discussion were over. 讨论结束了就好了。
2. We would that (= We wish) we could do it.可惜我们做不了。
如果would前的主语是第一人称单数I，这一I主语可以省略。
Would that (=I wish) I were young again.要是再年轻一次多好。
在这种省略了I主语的祝愿句中，would之后的连词that一般可以不用。
Would(I wish)you were with them!可惜你没有跟他们在一起！
在文学作品中，有时可省略Wish祝愿句中的主句，用一感叹词Oh, O，Ah等置于从句之前, 感叹词后再接连词that。在这一句式中，如用单个字母感叹词O开头，O后不用逗号。如用两个或两个以上字母的感叹词开头，感叹词后要用逗号。这儿所用的感叹词只是用于句式的构成，本身不具有任何含义，因而翻译时不译出。
1. O that (=I wish) I had listened to him!悔不该我没有听他的。
2. Oh, that (=I wish) he were alive and could see the fruits of labor. 可惜他死了，看不见他劳动的成果。
如果连词that省略，从句要倒置。
1. Oh,were I at home!(=I wish I were at home!) 可惜我不在家!
2. O could I have understood him better!(=I wish I could have understood him better!) 巴不得我早先能更好地了解他!
有时连感叹词也可省略, 剩下的仅是倒置的从句。
1. Had I wings!(I wish I had wings!) 我恨不能长了翅膀！
2. Would he go at once!(= I wish he would go at once!) 巴不得他马上就走!
综上所述不难看出，《新编大学英语》第四册第一单元课文中的两句话WOW,WOULD I LOVE TO DO THAT和Was I ever nervous!不应注释为Wow, WOULD THAT I COULD DO THAT和I have never been nervous!而应注释为I WISH I WOULD LOVE TO DO THAT和I wish I was ever nervous! 同时，原译文“哇，真希望我也能那样”和“我从没这么紧张过！”拟改译为“真希望我也能那样做”和“要是不紧张就好了！”。
此外，Wish祝愿句的变体还有以下几种形式：
would God (that)代替I wish
1. Would God (=I wish) they had not left. 真希望他们还未离开！
2. Would God that (=I wish) I had another pen. 我再有一枝钢笔就好了。
would to God代替wish
He would to God (= He wishes) it were his fancy. 他巴不得这不是真的。
would/ had rather代替wish
1. I would rather(=I wish) they came tomorrow. 我倒是希望他们明天来。
2. I’d rather (=I wish) we had dinner now. 我倒愿意现在就吃饭。
If only代替wish
If only (= We wish) somebody had told us. 要是当初有人告诉我们该多好。
If和only常连在一起使用，但也可分开使用。
If I could only (=I wish I could) see him once! 能见上他一面就好了！
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