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1. a hangdog look 羞愧的神态;垂头丧气的样子 注解:在中世纪的欧洲,给人类造成死亡或伤害的动物,像人一样,也要受到起诉和审讯。有记载说,1595年在荷兰西部城市Leyden,有个小孩被狗咬伤手指致死,这条狗因此被人们吊死。狗被吊死之事在莎士比亚的剧作中曾提到5次。A hangdog look 一语可能由此而来。现多用来喻指拖着尾巴的丧家之犬。 情景例句: A: Did you appear in the court? B: Yeah, he has been punished according to the law. A: It’s good news for all of us. B: Right. When the criminal appeared in the court with a hangdog look, all the people were standing up excitedly. A:你去法庭旁听了吗? B:去了。他被绳之以法了。 A:这可真是个好消息。 B:是呀。当他带着愧疚的神态出现在法庭时,所有在场的人都激动地站了起来。 2. hard cash价高而稳定的货币 注解:此语指notes and coins only(纸币和硬币),一般指可换黄金等价高而稳定的货币,如:In terms of hard cash,we’ve raised over 200 pounds and in pledge about 8500 pounds.(就现金而言,我们已经筹集了200多英镑,抵押品价值约为8500英镑。)cash down 为动词短语,表示“用现金支付”。 情景例句: A: I bought a villa with a very beautiful garden. B: Wow! How comfortable! A: After we make decorations, welcome to drop in. B: Thanks. Did you pay it hard cash? A: Yes. B: But where the hell did you get the money? A: That’s a secret. A:我买了一栋带漂亮花园的别墅。 B:哇,真舒服啊! A:等装修好之后,欢迎来参观。 B:谢谢。你是用现金买房的吗? A:是的。 B:你从哪搞来的钱? A:这是个秘密。 3. hard science硬科学 注解:此语与natural science基本同义,指物理学、化学、生物学、地质学等自然科学。hard scientist则指“自然科学家”。与之相对的是soft science“软科学”,指政治学、经济学、社会学和心理学等人文科学。 情景例句: A: In my opinion, the development of hard science and soft science is unbalanced at all. B: Yeah,it’s true.Most of people just pay attention to the hard science. A: But the soft science is more important in my eyes. Especially psychology, today, a lot of people live a tense life, feel tired and are easily upset as well. B: I think we all think we can change everything, desire more than we can obtain. A:依我看,现在硬科学和软科学的发展一点也不平衡。 B:就是。很多人只关心硬科学。 A:可是在我眼中,软科学更为重要,尤其是心理学。现在人们大多生活在紧张的生活状态中,身体疲惫,内心脆弱。 B:我觉得我们都认为自己可以改变一切,我们的欲望比我们能得到的要多得多。 4. harp on the same string/tune老调重弹 注解:乔叟(1340?~1400)在1033年所写的《特罗勒斯和克丽西德》中用过这条习语,但与现在的形式稍有出入:keeping on one string or harping on the same song。目前的形式是在乔叟之后两个世纪的李利(1554~1606)首先使用的。莎士比亚在《哈姆雷特》等6个剧本中也都用过这条习语。 情景例句: A: Are you free now? B: What? A: Can you lend me some money? B: I’ve already told you that I’m broke myself. I wish you’d stop harping on the same string. A: You miser. A:你现在有空吗? B:有事吗? A:能借我点钱吗? B:我已经告诉过你,我自己也身无分文。你别总是老调重弹。 A:你可真是个吝啬鬼。 5. have up one’s sleeve留有一招、锦囊妙计 注解:此语最早形式为have a card/an ace up one’s sleeve,表示“玩牌作弊,先把好牌藏起来”,比喻指“留后手”。也可写作keep...up one’s sleeve或have...in one’s sleeve。 情景例句: A: He suspects you’re having something nasty up your sleeve for him. B: What a man he thinks that I would be? A: Don’t be so angry. I think maybe someone says something to him behind you. B: Who does such a senseless thing? A: Who knows? But you must know there are really such people. A: 他怀疑你对他藏奸。 B:他把我想成什么人了? A: 别发火。我想也许有人在你背后对他说了些什么。 B:谁干的这种无聊事? A: 谁知道?但你必须明白的确有这种人存在。 6. have a bone to pick with对……有意见 注解:出自动物争夺猎物的习性。例如:两只狗为争抢一根骨头而相互撕咬。此语始见16世纪中期,现一般喻指“与某人有争端;对某人不满”。 情景例句: A:I have a bone to pick with you. B: Okay. Let’s clear the air. What are you getting at? A: You always have a chip on your shoulder.
B: I’m sorry. But I don’t mean to get your goat. A:我对你有点意见。 B:好吧,让我们来消除误会。你指的是什么事呢? A:你总是容易动怒。 B:我很抱歉,可我并非有意惹你生气。 7. have a field day玩得分外高兴 注解:field day原是军事用语,指“野外演习日”,以后喻指“有重大事或重要活动的日子”“特别愉快的时刻”等。因此have a field day 表示“玩得分外开心”,通常用于口语。 情景例句: A: I haven’t seen you for a long time, where have you been? B: I paid a visit to South Korea. A: Wonderful! I’m sure you have a field day. B: Yeah, you got it. The scenery was very beautiful. A: Oh, I think I’ll have a travel there when I have such a chance. A:好长时间没见你,去哪了? B:我到韩国玩了一圈。 A:真好!我想你肯定玩得十分高兴。 B:就是,你说对了。风景真是漂亮。 A:要是有机会我一定要去转上一圈。 8. have a finger in the pie 参与某事 注解:此处的in the pie 是in making the pie 的省略。pie 是一种西式点心,译作“馅饼”,亦偶见音译作“攀”“排”。此语多用作“多管闲事”或“干涉他人事务”之义。此语亦可作have one’s finger in the pie. 情景例句: A: How much have you yet to do? B: A lot of things are at hand. I’m at my wit’s end with them. A: Don’t worry. What's the deadline for handing all of them? B: Next Monday. A: Well, I’ll have a finger in the pie and that will help you out. A:你还有多少没做? B:手头的事太多了,我简直都无力招架。 A:别急。什么时候是上交的最后期限? B:下星期一。 A:我来帮你做点吧。那样你就能早点完成工作了。 9. have a grudge against 对……怀恨在心 注解:此语中的动词have还可由hold ,bear ,harbor ,carry ,nurse 等词代替。与之相应的词组有bear/own sb. a grudge (对某人怀有积怨)。grudge 一词作为动词时,形成词组grudge doing sth,则表示“勉强地,不情愿地做某事”。 情景例句: A:Some employers seem to have a grudge against women. B:Where can you see that? A:They don’t want to employ women. B:But sometimes they are employed, too. A:Even if they do, they pay them less. B:That’s unfair. A:有些雇主似乎对女性有偏见。 B:你哪儿看出来的? A:他们不愿意雇用女性。 B:但有时她们也被雇用啊。 A:即使如此,工资待遇也相对比较低。 B:那真的不公平。
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