高二选修7 Unit 5 Travelling abroad笔记
Section Ⅰ Warming UP, Pre-reading & Reading
考点预览
1.词汇:board, cafeteria, lecture, qualification, preparation, recommend, comfort, substitute, academic, requirement, tutor, numb, acknowledge, occupy, enterprise, succeed, summarize, comment
2.短语:adjust to, keep up, fit in, get/be used to, as far as one is concerned, feel like, first of all, live 短语, take up, hand in
3.句式:It’s time...
It was... that... 强调句型
so... that...
知识讲练
Ⅰ.单词点击
1.board vt. 上(船,飞机等)
归纳拓展
board n. 木板;板
on board 在船(飞机、车)上
go by the board 落水或落空
sweep the board 大获成功
aboard adv. & prep. 上船/飞机等
take sth. on board 承认,接受,采纳
be above board 开诚公布,公开
2.qualification n. [U]取得资格,合格;n. [C]资格,合格证书;限制条件
归纳拓展
without qualification 毫无保留地,无条件地
qualify (sb)(使)具有资格
qualify sb. for sth. 使某人有资格做某事
qualified adj. 有资格的,合格的
3.pecommend vt. 推荐;介绍;劝告;建议
归纳拓展
recommend sb … =recommend … to sb. 向某人推荐/介绍……
recommend sb, for…推荐某人做(某职位)
recommend sth. for …推荐某物做某种用途
recommend sb. as…推荐某人为……
recommend doing…建议做……
recommend sb. to do 建议某人做
recommend + that…建议……(that从句中用should+动物原形,should可省去)
recommendation n. 推荐,介绍信
4.comfort n.[U]舒适,舒服;安慰;n.(常用作单数)令人感到安慰的人(或事物);vt.安慰
归纳拓展
comfortable adj. 舒适的,舒服的
comfortless adj.不舒适的
comfortably adv.安逸地
5.substitute n. 代替品,代用品;vt. 用……代替……
归纳拓展
as a substitute 作为代理人/代用品
a substitute for sth.代替……的人或物
substitute A for B用A代替B
substitution n.代替,替换
make a substitution (of) 替换/取代
6.requirement n. 需要,要求,规定
归纳拓展
meet the requirements of 满足……的要求
raise requirements 提出要求
college entrance requirements in English 大学入学对英语的要求
require vt. 需要,要求
require sth.of sb.使做(某事),使拥有(某物)
[注意]
①require与need,want一样,在表示“需要”之意时,后接动名词的主动形式表被动意义,相当于不定式的被动语态。
②后跟从句时应用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形
7.acknowledge vt. 承认;确认;答谢
归纳拓展
acknowledge sth./sb.感谢/承认/认可某物/某人
acknowledge sb./ste to be... 承认某人某物是……
acknowledge that承认……
acknowledge sb.as... 认为,接受
acknowledgement n. 承认,致谢,答谢
acknowledge sb.向某人打招呼,问候
8.occupy v. 占领,占用,使忙于;使从事
归纳拓展
be occupied in doing sth.忙于做某事
occupy oneself with/in 忙于……;专心于……
be deeply occupied in thinking 陷入深思
be fully occupied 忙得不可开交
9.enterprise n. 事业,计划;事业心
归纳拓展
build an enterprise 创办一个企业
conduct/manage an enterprise 经营一家企业
a man of enterprise 富有进取心的人
a spirit of enterprise 进取精神
10. succeed v. 成功;接替,继任
归纳拓展
succeed in(doing) sth.成功地做了某事
succeed to继承(财产、职位等)
fail to do sth.没能干成……
success n. 成功
successful adj. 成功的
gain/get success 获得成功
be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事
11.summarize v. 总结,概括
归纳拓展
summary n. 总结,摘要
summation n. (法律)最后总结,总和
in summary 概括起来
12.comment n. & v. 评论;批评
归纳拓展
make comments on ... 对……加以评论
no comment 无可奉告
without comment 不加评论
comment on/upon sth.对……加以评论
a matter of comment 评论的话题
Ⅱ. 短语诠释
1.keep up 保持,继续干下去
归纳拓展
keep back保留,阻止,留下
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep on (doing) sth.继续/反复做某事
keep out 不进去,留在外面
keep up with 跟上
keep in 不出去,抑制
keep away from 躲开,避开
2.fit in 相适应,相融和
归纳拓展
be fit for胜任,适合,合格
be fit to do sth.适合做……
fit in with 适应,适合
keep fit 保持健康
fit v. 适合,安装;adj. 适合的,能胜任的
3.get/be used to 对……适应,习惯
指点迷津
①used to do sth. 过去常常做某事,指过去的习惯或状态,只有过去时。改为一般疑问句时可把did提前,也可把used提前;改为否定句时,可用usedn’t或used not,口语中也可用didn’t use to。
②be/get used to sth. / doing sth. 其中to是介词,可以用多种时态,意为“习惯于某物或做某事”。
③be used to do “被用来做某事”,是use的被动语态。
4.as far as one is concerned 就……而言
归纳拓展
so/as far as I’m concerned 就我而言
so/as far as I can see 依我看来
so/as far as I know 就我所知
as far as the eye can reach 就视线所及
as far as 直到,就……而言
so far = up to now 迄今为止
by far ……得多,最(修饰比较级或最高级)
5.feel like 想做……,愿意做……,觉得像……
指点迷津
feel like sth. 摸起来像某物
doing sth. 想做某事
would like sth. 想做某事
to do sth. 想做某事
归纳拓展
feel as if/though 觉得好像
feel for sth.摸索着找某物
feel one’s way 摸索着前进
6.first of all 首先;第一
指点迷津
first of all,at first与for the first time
①firs to all=first 第一,首先。用来强调顺序。
②at first = at the beginning“起初、最先”,用来强调事件发生的顺序或时间的先后。
③for the first time“第一次”,在句中作时间状语。
7.live短语
归纳拓展
live with与……一起生活;忍受,忍耐;学会适应,接受
live by靠……生活
live on 以……为主食;靠……生活
live through 经历过;经过……之后还活着
lire up to 遵守;配合;实践
live out one’s dream 实现梦想
8.take up 占据(时间或空间)
归纳拓展
take away 拿走
take off 脱下,拿走,起飞
take place 发生
take on 呈现
take in 吸收
take back带回,收回
take part in 参加,参与
take pride in 以……为自豪
take great trouble 不辞劳苦
take along 随身携带
9.hand in 交上,交纳
归纳拓展
hand down 把……传下去
hand out 分发
hand over 移交
Ⅲ.句式归纳
1.It’s time ... 句型归纳
It’s time
It’s high time that sb. should do sth.
It’s about time did sth.
=It’s (high/about)time (for sb.) to do sth. 是某人该做某事的时候了
It’s the first (second ...) time that sb. have done sth. 某人第一次(第二次……)做某事
[注意]
the first(second,etc.)time可作从属连词,引
2.It was ... that ... 强调句型
该句型常用来强调句中主语、宾语或状语等部分,无论所强调的是人还是物,都可以用that。如果强调的是原句中的主语,而且主语又是人时,则常常用who。这一结构把要强调的部分放在his/was...that之间,把其余部分放在that之后。
It’s my mother who made the decision.做出这一决定的是我妈妈。
It’s not I who am to blame for the troubles you have encountered. 我不应为你所遭遇的那些麻烦负责。
Was it in this room that the exhibition was held? 展览就是在这间屋子里举行的吗?
It was at five o’clock that he came back. 他回来的时候是5点钟。
3.so ... that ...如此……以致……
归纳拓展
①such + a / an + adj.+单数名词
such + adj.+复数名词 +that-clause (结果状语从句)
such + adj.+不可数名词
②so + adj./adv.
so + adj. + a. an+单数名词
so + few/many+不可数名词 +that-clause (结果状语从句)
so + little / such+复数名词
③such little birds=such small birds
little此处不是“少”,而是“小”,与small同义,但little往往带有感情色彩。
Ⅳ. 疑难解读
1.When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions, I didn’t always understand. 当我迷路,不得不向过路人问路时,我并不是总能明白。
句中get lost是由“get+过去分词”构成的短 语,类似的还有get excited,get married,get hurt,get paid,get dressed,get drunk等。
指点迷津
be + p.p. 与 get + p.p (被动语态)
①be + p.p. 既可表示动作,也可表示动作造成的状态;get + p.p. a.表示动作的结果,而非
动作本身;b.表示突然发生,未曾料到的事态;巴表示“最后终于出现”的某种事态。
②be + p. p可接by短语,而get-p. p.一般不接,除非特别强调动作执行者的情况。
③副词在be + p . p. 中可前可后,而在get + p. p中只能置于get之前。
④get可和表示强调的do连用,而be则不能。
2.I was numb with shock! 我惊得发呆!
句中with用来表示原因,意为“因为、由于”。
He trembled with fear.他怕得发抖。
His fingers were numb with cold.她的手指冻得麻木了。
He was shaking with laughter.他笑得浑身发颤。
3.I’m going to join a few university clubs and hopefully I’ll meet some people l have things in
common with.我打算加入一些大学俱乐部,希望在那里遇到一些有共同爱好的人。
in common with与……有共同之处
in common共同,共有
make common cause with sb. 与某人联合起来
4.Xie Lei told me she feels much mole at home in England now and that things that had seemed
very strange at the beginning now appear quite normal.谢蕾告诉我她在英国现在感觉自在多了,并且开始时看起来很陌生的许多事情现在看来已很正常了。
(1)feel at home 感觉自在,不拘束
(2)句中第一个that引导的是told的第二个宾语从句,不可省略。
[注意]
引导宾语从句的that可省略,但及物动词后有两个宾语从句时,可省略第一个that,不省略第二个that;如有形式宾语时,连接真正宾语的that不能省略。
V.语法透析
非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制作用,如果省去,主句意思就不完整;非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切,只能对修饰的成分起补充说明的作用,如果省去,不影响主句的意思。非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用逗号隔开。
The film which was shown just now is very exciting.刚放映的电影非常精彩。
We saw an exciting film, which is about how people fight against pollution.我们看了一场精彩的
电影,它讲的是人们怎样与污染做斗争。
[注意]
非限制性定语从句除不能用that引导,其他引导词都行。
2.常用的非限制性定语从句的构成
(1)用which,who,whom, where,when等引导。
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. 汤姆的爸爸,已经60多岁了,依然日夜的工作。
(2)用as,which引导的非限制性定语从句。as从句可在句首、句末,which从句只在句
末。as有“正如”之意,而which没此意。as/which都可以代表整个主句的内容。As We have seen,oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.正如我们所看到的,海洋占地球面积的70%以上。
(3)由“介词短语十关系代词”引导的定语从句,语序要用倒装。
The army reached a hill,On the top of which stood a temple.部队到了一座小山,山顶上有一座庙。
(4)“名词/代词十。{+关系代词(指人用whom,指物用which)”引导。
It was carved in the rock and had on the outside four large stone figures,each of which was 20 metres high.它是被雕刻在岩石上的,而且在外面有4个大的石头雕塑,每一个雕塑有20米高。